Table 1.
Cardiac structure and function in HFpEF in select epidemiology and registry studies.
| Olmsted County38 |
CHS39 | Strong Heart Study42 |
He et al.43 | ARIC/ Jackson52 |
NY HF Registry65 |
French Registry66 |
Northwestern Registry40 |
Reference Values |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 244 | 167 | 50 | 128 | 85 | 619 | 368 | 402 | |
| LVEF cut-off | ≥50% | ≥55%* | >54% | >55% | ≥50% | ≥50% | ≥50% | >50% | |
| Age (years) | 76 (22–99) | 76±7 | 64±8 | 72±10 | 61 (57–67) | 71.7±14.1 | 76±10 | 64±12 | |
| Female | 55% | 57% | 84% | 45% | 85% | 73% | 53% | 62% | |
| LV Structure | |||||||||
| EDD (cm) | NA | 5.1±0.8 | 5.04±0.65 | 4.7±0.6 | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) | 4.70±0.76 | 5.0±0.8 | NA | - |
| ESD (cm) | NA | 3.0±0.7 | NA | 3.1±0.5 | 2.6 (2.4–3.0) | 3.21±0.73 | 3.3±0.7 | NA | - |
| EDVi (ml/m2) | 56.4±14.4 | 69±22 | NA | 53±16 | NA | NA | NA | 40±10 | >75 |
| ESVi (ml/m2) | NA | 20±10 | NA | 20±8 | NA | NA | NA | 16±6 | >30 |
| Septal WT (cm) | NA | NA | 0.99±0.14 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | NA | NA | NA | - |
| Posterior WT (cm) | NA | 0.9±0.2 | 0.92±0.11 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | ||||
| LV Mass (g) | 200.4±67.1 | 176±64 | 178±51 | 215±69 | 239 (202–285) | NA | NA | NA | - |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 102.1±29.0 | 98±34 | 96±24 | 118±36 | NA | 66 (53–85) | NA | NA | - |
| Hypertrophy | 42% | NA | NA | NA | 75% | NA | NA | 60% | |
| RWT | 0.45±1.0 | 0.36±0.11 | 0.37±0.06 | NA | 0.57 (0.51–0.62) | NA | NA | 0.51±11 | <0.42 |
| LV geometry | |||||||||
| Normal | 31% | NA | NA | NA | 5% | NA | NA | 12% | |
| Concentric remodeling | 27% | NA | NA | NA | 20% | NA | NA | 28% | |
| Concentric hypertrophy | 26% | NA | NA | NA | 73% | NA | NA | 48% | |
| Eccentric hypertrophy | 16% | NA | NA | NA | 2% | NA | NA | 12% | |
| LV Systolic Function | |||||||||
| EF (%) | 62±6 | 72±7 | 64±9 | 64±5 | 67 (59–75) | 59.8±7.3 | 63±8 | 61±6 | ≥55 |
| FS (%) | NA | 42±7 | NA | 34±4 | 37 (31–44) | NA | 34.5±7.8 | NA | |
| Stroke volume index (ml/m2) | 42.3±10.0 | 50±14 | NA | 32±9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| LV Diastolic Function | |||||||||
| LAVi (ml/m2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 33.6±14.1 | 16–29 |
| LA Area (cm2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ≤20 |
| LA diameter (cm) | NA | NA | NA | 3.9±0.5 | 3.4 (3.1–3.8) | 4.1±0.7 | NA | ||
| E/A ratio | 1.21±0.69 | 1.3±1.2 | 0.75±0.28 | 1.1±0.8 | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | NA | NA | 1.3±0.7 | 0.8–1.5 |
| TDI E′ septal (cm/s) | 6.0±2.1 | NA | NA | 8±2 | NA | NA | NA | 7.0±2.5 | 10.4±2.1 (6.2–14.6) |
| TDI E′ lateral (cm/s) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9.2±3.7 | 12.9±3.5 (5.9–19.9) |
| E/E′ ratio (septal) | 18.4±9.7 | NA | NA | 10 | NA | NA | NA | 15±8 | ≤8 |
| E/E′ ratio (lateral) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ≤8 |
| Diastolic Dfxn (y/n) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 27% | NA | NA | NA | |
| Diastolic Dfxn grade | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Pulmonary Pressure | |||||||||
| TR velocity (m/sec) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | PASP: 47±17 | NA | NA | <2.9 |
Values in italics were estimated by the author from primary data provided in the referenced manuscripts.
History of hypertension also required for inclusion.
EDD–LV end-diastolic dimension; ESD–LV end-systolic dimension; EDVi–LV end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA; EDVi–LV end-systolic volume indexed to BSA; LVEF - LV ejection fraction; WT – wall thickness; LVMI–LV mass index; RWT – relative wall thickness; FS – fractional shortening; LAVi – left atrial volume indexed to BSA; E wave – peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity; A wave – peak late diastolic transmitral flow velocity; E′ lateral – peak early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity at lateral mitral annulus; E′ septal – peak early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity at septal mitral annulus; TR – tricuspid regurgitation.