Table 4.

Multivariable Analysis Looking at Relationship between CVD and COPD

	OR	95% CI	p value
Model 1	2.68	2.03–3.54	<0.0001
Model 2	1.95	1.46–2.62	<0.0001
Model 3	1.63	1.20–2.21	<0.01
Model 4	1.61	1.18–2.20	<0.01

Model 1=CVD

Model 2= Model 1 + age (p value<0.0001), gender (p value=0.9573), and race (p value=0.0862).

Model 3= Model 2 + current smoking (p value<0.05), and pack-years (p value<0.0001).

Model 4= Model 3 + BMI (p value<0.0001), high blood pressure (p value=0.2539), and statin use (p value<0.0001).

COPD identified as FEV1/FVC < LLN and GOLD stages 2, 3, 4.