Table 3. Logistic-regression modeling to identify factors associated with chronic pain.

	Chronic pain (vs. without chronic pain)			Severe chronic pain (vs. without chronic pain)
	OR	95%CI	P-value	OR	95%CI	P-value
Female (vs, male)*	1.304	1.108–1.534	0.001	1.621	1.299–2.023	<0.001
Age (per 1 year old)	1.019	1.014–1.024	<0.001	1.022	1.015–1.029	<0.001
Age-group (years)♯
20–30 (n)	1.000	ref		1.000	ref
31–40 (n)	1.471	0.974–2.221	0.067	1.482	0.819–2.684	0.194
41–50 (n)	1.939	1.285–2.927	0.002	2.125	1.183–3.817	0.012
51–60 (n)	2.921	1.950–4.374	<0.001	3.368	1.907–5.950	<0.001
61–70 (n)	2.349	1.605–3.438	<0.001	2.478	1.434–4.283	0.001
71–80 (n)	3.180	2.153–4.695	<0.001	3.795	2.185–6.591	<0.001
81–90 (n)	3.833	2.401–6.120	<0.001	4.183	2.185–8.007	<0.001
91–100 (n)	4.094	1.556–10.772	0.002	6.343	1.994–20.174	0.002
Occupation†
Full-time	1.000	ref		1.000	ref
Part-time	0.933	0.714–1.219	0.61	0.808	0.557–1.172	0.261
Student	0.490	0.185–1.297	0.151	0.464	0.107–2.009	0.305
Unemployed	1.014	0.807–1.274	0.904	1.044	0.769–1.418	0.782
Family composition†
Living with ≥3 persons	1.000	ref		1.000	ref
Living in a couple	1.080	0.902–1.294	0.401	1.086	0.855–1.381	0.499
Living alone	1.442	1.067–1.947	0.017	1.763	1.221–2.547	0.003
Daily exercise†
Daily	1.000	ref		1.000	ref
1–3 days/week	1.237	1.004–1.525	0.046	1.384	1.034–1.853	0.029
None	1.179	0.949–1.465	0.137	1.701	1.267–2.282	<0.001
EQ-5D†
Value (per 0.1)	0.464	0.435–0.496	<0.001	0.403	0.368–0.440	<0.001
K6†
K6 point (per 1)	1.113	1.087–1.139	<0.001	1.158	1.126–1.191	<0.001

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ref, reference category.

Odds ratios were adjusted for age*, sex♯ or both†.