Serum inflammatory markers were assessed in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice to evaluate the potential involvement of the peripheral immune system in contributing to brain inflammation. There was no significant difference in serum IL-1β (A) and CXCL10 (B) protein levels as assayed by ELISA in 4 week-old Tsc1GFAPCKO mice compared with control mice, while LPS induced a significant increase in these markers in control mice. * p<0.05, *** p<0.001, versus vehicle-treated control mice by one-way ANOVA; ## p<0.01, ### p<0.001, versus vehicle-treated Tsc1GFAPCKO mice by one-way ANOVA (n = 5–9 mice/group). Cont = control, KO = Tsc1GFAPCKO.