Schematic depicting transplantation protocols between 129SvEv WT and Stat1-null glands and treatment with hormones (A). Inguinal mammary glands from 3-week-old host females were cleared of endogenous epithelium, while epithelium from donor 129SvEv WT and 129:Stat1-null (Stat1-null) mammary glands were transplanted into each epithelium-cleared fat pad in host mice 1 week after clearing surgery. Host mice were injected daily with PDOM from 5 to 7 weeks of age. Hematoxylin-stained whole mount images of reciprocally transplanted mammary glands with or without hormone treatment (B). Mammary glands in host 129SvEv WT (a, c, e, g) and Stat1-null (b, d, f, h) mice with donor epithelium from 129SvEv WT (a, b, c, d) and Stat1-null (e, f, g, h) mice are shown. Mammary glands from PDOM treated mice (c, d, g, h). White asterisks in b and f indicate approximate locations of transplantation sites. Quantitative analyses of the ductal network (C). The left panel graph indicates the total ductal length of mammary glands in each experiment (WT vs. KO for each treatment). Data are mean ± SEM, **P = 0.0026, ***P = 0.0005. The right panel graph is the analysis for the number of branching points. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.