Table 1. Definitions of nine groups at risk of multidrug-resistant TB in line with Indonesian guidelines for programmatic management of drug-resistant TB.

Risk category	Definition
1 Chronic cases, mostly patients who failed first-line TB re-treatment	Patients who are still sputum smear-positive at the end of first-line TB re-treatment (Category 2)
2 Patients on first-line TB re-treatment without smear conversion	Patients on first-line TB re-treatment (Category 2) who test smear-positive after three months of treatment
3 Patients with previous TB treatment outside of national program	Patients who received any type of TB treatment outside of the national programme, e.g. non-DOTS or private clinics
4 Patients who failed first-line TB treatment	Patients who are still sputum smear-positive at the end of first-line TB treatment (Category-1)
5 Patients on first-line TB treatment without smear conversion	Patients on first-line TB treatment (Category 1) who test smear-positive after three months of treatment
6 Relapse cases	Patients whose most recent treatment outcome (Category 1 or 2) was ‘cured’ or ‘treatment completed’ and return with symptoms of TB
7 Patients returning after loss to follow-up	Patients who interrupted any type of TB treatment for two or more consecutive months and return with symptoms of TB
8 Close contacts of MDR-TB patients	People living in the same household or spending many hours a day in the same indoor living space of an MDR-TB patient and who show symptoms of TB
9 Patients co-infected with HIV and TB	Patients who tested positive for HIV and TB with diagnostic tests

Abbreviations: TB, tuberculosis; DOTS, direct observed treatment strategy; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.