Table 1. Characteristics of study cities in Japan and Korea.
| City | Population in 2000 (age ≥ 30) | Area (km2) | No. of O3 monitors | O3 measurement interval | O3 measurement method method | Mean O3 (ppb) | Mean PM10 (μg/m3) * | Mean Temp. (°C) † | Mean Humidity (%) † | Mean no. of daily death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korea | ||||||||||
| Seoul | 5,539,201 | 605.50 | 25 | continuous | UV absorption | 22.0±12.6 | 64.2±45.4 | 12.9±10.1 | 61.6±14.6 | 100.4±11.9 |
| Incheon | 1,347,005 | 964.53 | 15 | continuous | UV absorption | 25.8±12.1 | 59.5±34.9 | 12.7±9.6 | 67.2±14.4 | 28.8±5.8 |
| Daejon | 676,883 | 539.83 | 8 | continuous | UV absorption | 26.1±12.9 | 48.0±32.3 | 13.1±9.7 | 65.6±13.7 | 15.2±4.1 |
| Daegu | 1,334,839 | 885.60 | 11 | continuous | UV absorption | 27.7±13.3 | 58.6±33.9 | 14.6±9.3 | 57.6±16.6 | 30.0±6.1 |
| Gwangju | 705,804 | 501.44 | 7 | continuous | UV absorption | 25.7±11.9 | 51.0±32.2 | 14.1±9.2 | 66.4±16.1 | 15.4±4.1 |
| Busan | 2,077,738 | 759.86 | 19 | continuous | UV absorption | 29.4±11.1 | 57.8±33.3 | 14.8±7.9 | 62.8±18.7 | 49.3±7.9 |
| Ulsan | 529,991 | 1,056.29 | 14 | continuous | UV absorption | 27.0±10.6 | 50.7±33.0 | 14.6±8.4 | 61.1±17.7 | 10.5±3.3 |
| Japan | ||||||||||
| Sapporo | 1,816,597 | 1,121.12 | 9 | continuous | UV absorption | 24.2±10.6 | 14.4±9.5 | 9.2±9.4 | 68.3±10.8 | 34.9±7.2 |
| Tokyo | 7,960,170 | 621.35 | 24 | continuous | UV absorption | 22.7±12.2 | 35.7±18.9 | 16.7±7.7 | 59.3±15.4 | 171.6±22.8 |
| Nagoya | 2,132,762 | 326.45 | 13 | continuous | UV absorption | 22.2±11.5 | 40.0±19.6 | 16.2±8.5 | 64.4±12.1 | 45.1±8.9 |
| Osaka | 2,501,961 | 222.11 | 14 | continuous | UV absorption | 25.2±12.3 | 36.6±19.3 | 17.2±8.3 | 32.8±10.5 | 68.9±15.6 |
| Kitakyushu | 1,002,909 | 487.66 | 14 | continuous | UV absorption | 28.7±12.8 | 31.8±18.3 | 17.4±7.8 | 65.1±10.9 | 24.7±5.9 |
| Fukuoka | 1,329,832 | 340.60 | 8 | continuous | UV absorption | 28.4±12.2 | 35.9±18.7 | 17.4±7.8 | 65.1±10.9 | 22.3±5.5 |
* SPM was converted with conversion factor of 1.16 to PM10 for Japanese cities.
† Relevant prefecture data was used for Japanese cities.