Table 3. Multivariate odds ratio for high blood pressure according to magnesium intake by obesity and menopause.
| Variables | Magnesium intake | p for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| Male | |||||
| Obesity (≥25kg/m2) | |||||
| No. of HBP subjects (%) | 131 (36.4) | 184 (45.0) | 176 (41.6) | 148 (40.0) | - |
| Mg Intake range (mg/1000kcal) | <102.6 | 102.6–137.0 | 137.0–174.0 | ≥174.0 | - |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 1.43 (1.01–2.01) | 1.22 (0.85–1.73) | 1.05 (0.72–1.52) | 0.1344 |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 | 1.36 (0.95–1.93) | 1.29 (0.89–1.88) | 1.06 (0.72–1.56) | 0.2361 |
| Model 3 c | 1.00 | 1.42 (0.98–2.06) | 1.40 (0.92–2.14) | 1.20 (0.72–1.99) | 0.2101 |
| Normal weight (<25kg/m2) | |||||
| No. of HBP subjects (%) | 228 (23.0) | 222 (25.3) | 211 (24.0) | 221 (24.3) | - |
| Mg Intake range (mg/1000kcal) | <105.4 | 105.4–135.5 | 135.6–170.6 | ≥170.6 | - |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.6099 |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) | 1.06 (0.79–1.41) | 0.96 (0.71–1.29) | 0.6037 |
| Model 3 c | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | 0.5467 |
| Female | |||||
| Obesity (≥25kg/m2) | |||||
| No. of HBP subjects (%) | 150 (31.2) | 127 (26.4) | 108 (24.5) | 82 (17.8) | - |
| Mg Intake range (mg/1000kcal) | <112.2 | 112.2–146.4 | 146.4–191.8 | ≥191.8 | - |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.56–1.13) | 0.69 (0.47–1.00) | 0.45 (0.32–0.64) | <.0001 |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) | 0.70 (0.48–1.03) | 0.46 (0.33–0.66) | 0.0002 |
| Model 3 c | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.53–1.10) | 0.64 (0.41–0.99) | 0.40 (0.25–0.63) | 0.0014 |
| Normal weight (<25kg/m2) | |||||
| No. of HBP subjects (%) | 247 (13.7) | 187 (11.3) | 163 (10.4) | 199 (13.8) | - |
| Mg Intake range (mg/1000kcal) | <110.6 | 110.6–141.6 | 141.6–181.9 | ≥181.9 | - |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 0.83 (0.55–0.98) | 0.94 (0.70–1.25) | 0.1607 |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 0.72 (0.54–0.98) | 0.93 (0.69–1.25) | 0.1533 |
| Model 3 c | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.66–1.19) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 0.1980 |
| Menopause | |||||
| Premenopause | |||||
| No. of HBP subjects (%) | 102 (9.5) | 92 (8.0) | 94 (7.9) | 105 (8.9) | - |
| Mg Intake range (mg/1000kcal) | <110.6 | 110.6–140.6 | 140.6–181.1 | ≥181.2 | - |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.51–1.03) | 0.68 (0.49–0.95) | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.0867 |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) | 0.70 (0.50–0.97) | 0.69 (0.49–0.98) | 0.1082 |
| Model 3 c | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.48–1.00) | 0.70 (0.48–1.00) | 0.67 (0.43–1.04) | 0.1489 |
| Postmenopause | |||||
| No. of HBP subjects (%) | 304 (37.5) | 232 (32.0) | 195 (29.9) | 144 (25.9) | - |
| Mg Intake range (mg/1000kcal) | <113.2 | 113.2–148.7 | 148.7–195.1 | ≥195.1 | - |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 0.0367 |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) | 0.83 (0.61–1.11) | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 0.0405 |
| Model 3 c | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.68–1.24) | 0.85 (0.60–1.20) | 0.70 (0.47–1.05) | 0.3811 |
HBP: High Blood Pressure
a Model 1: Adjusted for age and BMI (continuous).
b Model 2: Adjusted for education (elementary school or less, middle or high school, college or more), income (quartiles of household income), physical activity (MET), smoking status (never smoker, past smoker, current smoker), and frequency of alcohol (none, <1 time/month, 2~4 times/month, ≥2 times/week) in addition to model 1.
c Model 3: Adjusted for total energy (kcal/day), carbohydrate (%energy), protein (%pro), fat (%energy), fiber (g/1000 kcal), calcium (mg/1000 kcal), sodium (mg/1000 kcal), and potassium (mg/1000 kcal) intakes as continuous variables in addition to model 2.