Table 3.

Function and molecular targets of common HDACis in nervous system diseases.

HDACi	Function	Molecular targets	References
TSA	A AI TR	Bcl-2 and apaf-1 IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-kappaB HSP70, AcH3, AcH4, PI3K/Akt, BDNF, and NF-κB	[11] [42] [11]
VPA	A AI TR	Caspase 3 and HSP70 OX-42, ED-1, and iNOS HSP70, AcH3, pERK, bcl-2, pCREB, pAkt, bcl-xl, NF-κB, and JNK	[10, 11, 51, 52] [11] [10, 11, 51, 52]
NaB	AI N A TR	OX-42, ED-1, and iNOS BDNF-TrkB Caspase 3 and HSP70 HSP70, AcH3, AcH4, Sp1, p21, and p27	[11] [16] [11] [11, 67]

A: cell apoptosis/death; AI: anti-inflammatory effect; TR: transcriptional regulation; N: neurogenesis.