FIG 1.

Anergy induction results in a higher level of HIV-1 latency establishment. The calcium ionophore ionomycin induces T cell anergy. Following three applications of ionomycin to Jurkat cells over a period of 7 days and a resting period of 4 days, 30 individual infection cultures each of untreated control Jurkat cells and ionomycin-treated Jurkat cells were initiated over a wide range of MOIs. (A) Active initial infection levels were determined on day 4 postinfection by using PMA-induced reactivation, with GFP as a surrogate marker for HIV-1 infection. (B) The size of the silent HIV-1 reservoir in each culture was plotted against the level of initially active infection as determined on day 3 postinfection. (C) The size of the latent HIV-1 reservoir in each culture as determined on day 14 postinfection was plotted against the level of initially active infection.