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(a) radical blinking in presence of an electron acceptor (methyl viologen) and (c) single step bleaching in presence of an electron donor (ascorbic acid). (b) A Jablonski diagram and (d) an energy barrier diagram of the favored dark state formation in the red emissive carbon dots. Chemically lowering the energy barrier by an electron acceptor molecule favors the photoswitching, while an electron donor molecule retards the process.
