Growth and physiological characteristics of DapS (strain 616) and isogenic derivative DapNS (strain 703) bacteria. (A) Growth and pH profile of strain pair 616/703 grown aerobically in TSB. (B and C) Acetate depletion (B) and net ammonium accumulation (C) in the culture supernatants of strain pair 616/703. The results presented are the averages and standard deviations of three independent experiments. Symbols are defined in the insets. The statistical significance of differences between strains 616 and 703, determined by Student's t test, is indicated (*, P <0.1; **, P <0.05; ***, P <0.005).