Fig. 5.

TDP-43 IHC and RNA FISH demonstrate that antisense RNA foci are significantly associated with nuclear clearance of TDP-43 in motor neurons. Representative images showing that antisense RNA foci (arrowheads) are significantly associated with nuclear clearance of TDP-43 in motor neurons of C9ORF72-ALS patients; split channel images are provided for comparison. Cleared TDP-43 may be present within a cytoplasmic inclusion (upper panels; RNA focus is indicated by the arrowhead, a compact inclusion is arrowed) or simply present in the cytoplasm (middle panels; RNA foci are indicated by arrowheads). In contrast, the absence of antisense RNA foci is significantly associated with the presence of nuclear TDP-43 (lower panels). Scale bar 3 µm