Imbahale 2011a

Methods	Study design: controlled time series Study location: Nyalenda, Kisumu County, Kenya Study dates: February 2008 to May 2008 Transmission intensity: not stated Malaria parasite species: not specified Primary vectors: An. gambiae Giles Breeding sites: man-made habitats (ponds or water canals) Baseline data: not recorded
Participants	Not applicable
Interventions	Fish species: G. affinis Indigenous fish species used: no Fish source: colony at KEMRI (Kenya Medical Research Institute) established from a wild-caught population provided by Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KEMFRI) Populated sites: man-made habitats; 30 pools (average 1 m × 1 m × 1 m deep) or water canals (15 m × 1 m × 0.3 m deep). Pond sites and water canal sites were constructed by people for the purposes of this experiment, so can be defined as "semi-field" studies Restocked: no (treatment arm: ponds fish once), fortnightly (treatment arms: pond fish only or water canal fish only) Co-interventions: Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
Outcomes	Density of early instars (L1 and L2) or late instars (L3 and L4) of anopheline mosquitoes Method: standard larval dipping procedure using 350 mL mosquito dipper (Bioquip, Gardena, CA, USA), maximum of 10 dips/habitat, estimated weekly
Source of funding	The Dioraphte Foundation, The Netherlands
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study design	High risk	Controlled time series study
Site selection	Low risk	"Thirty man-made habitats (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) were created as mosquito larval habitats"
Site allocation	Unclear risk	Unclear how treatment for each site was chosen for ponds. In water canals: "Six treatments were randomly administered in canal habitats"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unclear whether assessors were blinded to treatment
Baseline values	Unclear risk	Not reported
Number of sites	High risk	Number of sites may be inadequate: five sites per group