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. 2015 Jun 11;9:2947–2959. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S79475

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© 2015 Zhang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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PAS-positive channels in tissue sections of tumors with VM possessed several morphological patterns.

Notes: These features included straight or parallel straight channels, straight channels that cross-linked, arcs, arcs with branching, closed loops, and networks (CD34 immunohistochemical and PAS histochemical double-staining, 400×). Black arrows indicate VM positive signal. *P<0.05 represents the CD34-positive area in the VEGF, ephrin A1 or VEGF-ephrin A1 group compared to the PBS group.

Abbreviations: PAS, periodic acid–Schiff; VM, vasculogenic mimicry; hMSCs, human mesenchymal stem cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PE, Pseudomonas exotoxin.