Table 1.
Prospective birth cohort studies on effect of prenatal exposure to air pollutants and fetal/neonatal outcomes
| Author, year of publication | Prenatal exposure | Main results |
|---|---|---|
| Slama et al,21 2009 | Benzene | Reduced BW and HC |
| Aguillera et al,18 2010 | BTEX NO2 | Reduced BPD |
| Reduced growth in HC, AC, BPD, and EFW for those women who spent more time outdoor | ||
| Llop et al,23 2010 | NO2 | Increased risk for PB |
| Benzene | Increased risk for PB | |
| Ballester et al,19 2010 | NO2 | Reduced length, weight, and HC at birth |
| Positive association with SGA | ||
| Newman et al,61 2010 | Active MTS | Positive association with SGA and reduced BW |
| Passive MTS | No associations with birth outcomes | |
| Estarlich et al,16 2011 | NO2 | Reduced length and weight at birth |
| Benzene | No association | |
| Gehring et al,25 2011 | NO2 | Highest BW and lowest risk of SGA |
| No association with PB | ||
| Gehring et al,15 2011 | NO2 and PM2.5 | No association between air pollutants and term |
| BW | ||
| Iñiguez et al,17 2012 | NO2 | Reduced BPD, AC, and EFW |
| Reduced neonatal length and HC | ||
| van den Hooven et al,14 2012 | NO2 and PM2.5 | Reduced fetal growth and BW |
| Positive association with SGA and PB | ||
| Iñiguez et al,58 2012 | MTS | |
| Active | Reduced BPD, AC, FL, and EFW | |
| Passive | Reduced growth on BPD | |
| Sunyer et al,65 2012 | MTS | |
| Active/passive | Reduced BW, increased risk for SGA | |
| Reduced BW for asthmatic mothers (no statistical significance) | ||
| Choi and Perera,32 2012 | PAH | PA – maternal obesity exacerbated the risk of exposure to PAH on reduced BW |
| Ritz et al,22 2014 | TRAP, NO, NO x, NO2, CO, and distance to monitoring station | Reduced BPD |
Abbreviations: BW, birth weight; HC, head circumference; BTEX, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene); BPD, biparietal diameter; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; AC, abdominal circumference; EFW, estimated fetal weight; SGA, small for gestational age; MTS, maternal tobacco smoking; PB, premature birth; PM, particulate matter; FL, femur length; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; TRAP, twin reversed arterial perfusion; NO, nitric oxide; NOx, nitrogen oxides; CO, carbon monoxide.