Table 2.
Significant power change related to proprioception or volition only
| Time |
Prior |
Onset |
During |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency Band | Electrode | Contralateral | Medial | Ipsilateral | Contralateral | Medial | Ipsilateral | Contralateral | Medial | Ipsilateral | |
| Alpha | 6–10 Hz | Front. | V(ERS) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Centr. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| PostCentr. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 10–14 Hz | Front. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Centr. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| PostCentr. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Beta | 15–18 Hz | Front. | – | V(ERS) | V(ERS) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Centr. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| PostCentr. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| 19–24 Hz | Front. | PP(ERD) | – | – | – | – | – | PP(ERD) | PP(ERD) | PP(ERD) | |
| Centr. | PP(ERD) | – | – | – | – | – | PP(ERD) | PP(ERD) | PP(ERD) | ||
| PostCentr. | PP(ERD) | – | – | – | – | – | PP(ERD) | PP(ERD) | PP(ERD) | ||
Significant decrease (ERD) and increase (ERS) in power before (preparation), at onset (planning), and during (execution) for the 4 different motor tasks (active movement, passive movement, MI, and MI with proprioceptive feedback, i.e., BCI) when compared with rest allowed us to identify significant changes in frequency at different electrodes related to: 1) volition (V), i.e., all volitional tasks (BCI, MI, and active movement) showing the same activation, 2) passive proprioception only (PP), i.e., without muscle contraction (BCI and passive movement); and 3) proprioception (P), i.e., all proprioceptive tasks (BCI, passive movement, and active movement).