Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Differences at Baseline Between Clinical High-Risk Subjects With Good and Poor Outcome.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Social Outcome | Role Outcome | |||||
|
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| Good (n = 48) |
Poor (n=44) |
P Value | Good (n = 47) |
Poor (n = 45) |
P Value | |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 15.90 (2.30) | 16.02 (2.04) | .79 | 16.30 (2.30) | 15.60 (2.01) | .13 |
|
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| Estimated current IQ, mean (SD) | 106.07 (15.05) | 100.49 (16.77) | .10 | 105.65 (16.95) | 101.06 (14.88) | .14 |
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| Education, y, mean (SD) | 9.60 (2.29) | 9.84 (2.02) | .60 | 10.04 (2.24) | 9.38 (2.04) | .17 |
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| Female | 20 (41.7) | 14 (31.8) | .39 | 20 (42.6) | 14 (31.1) | .29 |
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| Right handed | 43 (89.6) | 35 (79.5) | .25 | 41 (87.2) | 37 (82.2) | .57 |
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| Parental SES lowa | 2 (4.2) | 4 (9.3) | .42 | 2 (4.3) | 4 (9.1) | .43 |
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| White | 42 (87.5) | 32 (72.7) | .11 | 39 (83.0) | 35 (77.8) | .60 |
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| Hispanic | 4 (8.3) | 9 (20.5) | .14 | 3 (6.4) | 10 (22.2) | .04 |
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| First-degree relative with psychotic disorder | 1 (2.1) | 5 (11.4) | .10 | 2 (4.3) | 4 (8.9) | .43 |
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| Schizotypal personality disorder | 3 (6.2) | 5 (11.4) | .47 | 4 (8.5) | 4 (8.9) | >.99 |
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| SOPS score, mean (SD) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Positive symptoms | 8.33 (3.92) | 9.30 (3.83) | .24 | 8.11 (4.03) | 9.51 (3.62) | .08 |
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| Negative symptoms | 11.11 (4.84) | 15.53 (5.92) | <.001 | 11.94 (5.34) | 14.56 (6.00) | .03 |
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| Total disorganization | 5.01 (4.37) | 7.44 (3.82) | .002 | 4.99 (3.58) | 7.00 (3.71) | .002 |
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| General | 8.80 (4.37) | 8.72 (3.79) | .93 | 8.17 (4.32) | 9.37 (3.76) | .16 |
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| Global functioning score, mean (SD) | ||||||
|
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| Social | 6.60 (1.36) | 5.45 (1.36) | <.001 | 6.09 (1.32) | 6.02 (1.63) | .84 |
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| Role | 5.92 (2.04) | 5.27 (2.00) | .13 | 6.23 (2.05) | 4.96 (1.83) | .002 |
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| Global assessment of functioning score, mean (SD) | 47.52 (8.73) | 44.70 (7.40) | .10 | 47.64 (8.67) | 44.64 (7.48) | .08 |
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| DSM-IV diagnoses | ||||||
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| Moodb | 33 (68.8) | 25 (56.8) | .28 | 34 (72.3) | 24 (53.3) | .08 |
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| Anxietyc | 28 (58.3) | 25 (56.8) | >.99 | 29 (61.7) | 24 (53.3) | .53 |
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| Substanced | 6 (12.5) | 3 (6.8) | .49 | 3 (6.4) | 6 (13.3) | .31 |
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| Medication at testing | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No medication | 26 (54.2) | 22 (50.0) | .85 | 24 (51.1) | 24 (53.3) | .84 |
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| Antipsychotics | 9 (18.8) | 10 (22.7) | .80 | 11 (23.4) | 8 (17.8) | .61 |
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| Antidepressants | 13 (27.1) | 15 (34.1) | .50 | 17 (36.2) | 11 (24.4) | .26 |
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| Anxiolytics | 5 (10.4) | 4 (9.1) | >.99 | 5 (10.6) | 4 (8.9) | >.99 |
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| Mood stabilizers | 3 (6.2) | 1 (2.3) | .62 | 2 (4.3) | 2 (4.4) | >.99 |
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| Stimulants | 2 (4.2) | 1 (2.3) | >.99 | 1 (2.1) | 2 (4.4) | .61 |
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| Other medicationse | 0 | 1 (2.3) | .48 | 0 | 1 (2.2) | .49 |
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| Time to last follow-up, y, mean (SD) | 3.12 (1.60) | 2.80 (1.61) | .34 | 2.90 (1.63) | 3.03 (1.60) | .70 |
Abbreviations: NOS, not otherwise specified; SES, socioeconomic status; SOPS, Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms.
Hollingshead Four-Factor Index of Socioeconomic Status, where scores of 1 to 3 are “high” and scores of 4 and 5 are “low.”
DSM-IV–defined diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, mood disorder NOS, or depressive disorder NOS.
DSM-IV–defined diagnosis of panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder NOS, or phobias including simple phobias and social phobia.
DSM-IV–defined diagnosis of alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogen, nicotine, opioid, or polysubstance-related disorder.
The category “other medications” included the following: anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, and sedative-hypnotic medication.