Table 1.
Associations between maternal low to moderate alcohol intake in pregnancy and offspring mean BRIEF index scores*
| Average no. drinks/ week in pregnancy |
Crude | Adjusted for core confounding factors** |
Adjusted for potential confounding factors*** |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean score | Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | |
| Parent-rated BRIEF BRI**** | |||||||
| 0 | 49.27 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–4 | 49.86 | 0.59 | (−0.94; 2.13) | 0.78 | (−0.71; 2.28) | 0.97 | (−0.53; 2.47) |
| 5–8 | 49.47 | 0.20 | (−2.66; 3.06) | −0.09 | (−3.00; 2.82) | −0.19 | (−2.94; 2.56) |
| ≥9***** | 50.05 | 0.78 | (−2.36; 3.93) | 0.85 | (−2.05; 3.75) | 1.45 | (−1.76; 4.67) |
| P****** | 0.87 | 0.73 | 0.52 | ||||
| Parent rated BRIEF MI**** | |||||||
| 0 | 49.10 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–4 | 50.12 | 1.02 | (−0.53; 2.57) | 1.23 | (−0.26; 2.73) | 1.35 | (−0.15; 2.86) |
| 5–8 | 50.21 | 1.11 | (−1.92; 4.13) | 0.51 | (−2.61; 3.63) | 0.15 | (−2.75; 3.05) |
| ≥9***** | 52.17 | 3.07 | (0.20; 5.93) | 2.87 | (0.04; 5.70) | 2.87 | (−0.48; 6.23) |
| P****** | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.17 | ||||
| Teacher rated BRIEF BRI**** | |||||||
| 0 | 50.19 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–4 | 49.88 | −0.31 | (−1.89; 1.27) | −0.24 | (−1.80; 1.32) | −0.15 | (−1.74; 1.44) |
| 5–8 | 49.42 | −0.77 | (−3.15; 1.61) | −1.13 | (−3.53; 1.26) | −1.22 | (−3.70; 1.25) |
| ≥9***** | 47.64 | −2.55 | (−7.42; 2.33) | −2.66 | (−7.70; 2.38) | −2.24 | (−7.53; 3.05) |
| P****** | 0.73 | 0.62 | 0.68 | ||||
| Teacher rated BRIEF MI**** | |||||||
| 0 | 49.94 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–4 | 50.09 | 0.15 | (−1.37;1.66) | 0.26 | (−1.22; 1.74) | 0.29 | (−1.20; 1.78) |
| 5–8 | 50.60 | 0.65 | (−1.74;3.05) | 0.04 | (−2.29; 2.36) | −0.27 | (−2.73; 2.19) |
| ≥9***** | 47.66 | −2.29 | (−6.86;2.29) | −2.53 | (−7.38;2.32) | −2.59 | (−7.99; 2.82) |
| P****** | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.77 | ||||
The clinical scales form two indexes: the Behavioural Regulation Index (BRI) and the Metacognition Index (MI).
Parental education, maternal IQ, prenatal maternal smoking, age at testing, and gender of child.
Parental education, maternal IQ, prenatal maternal smoking, binge drinking, maternal age, parity, prenatal and postnatal marital status, postnatal parental smoking, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gender of child, age at testing, health status on the day of testing, and family/home environment.
The number of children in each exposure category was 758, 675, 175, and 20 for the 0, 1–4, 5–8, and ≥9 drinks/week categories, respectively.
Range: 9–14 drinks/week.
P value for the hypothesis of no difference in BRIEF scores across levels of average alcohol intake.