Table 1.
List of lncRNAs associated with different cancers
| LncRNA | Size | Locus | Mechanism | Nature | Related cancer/ Biomarker/Therapeutic target | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANRIL | 3.9 kb, Multiple isoforms | 9q21.3 | Regulates CDKN2A/2B locus by recruiting PRC1/PRC2 | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer, Leukemia, other diseases | [26, 137–140] |
| anti-NOS2A | 1.9 kb | 17q23.2 | Down regulates Nos2A | Oncogenic | Meningomas and Glioblastomas | [233] |
| lncRNA-ATB | 2.4 kb | 14q11.2 | Activated by TGF-β | Oncogenic | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [310] |
| BC200 | 0.2 kb | 2p21 | Translational modulator | Oncogenic | Multiple cancers | [283] |
| CCAT1 | 2.6 kb, 5.2 kb | 8q.24 | Regulates Myc by long range chromatin loops | Oncogenic | Colorectal, gall bladder cancer | [66, 316, 317] |
| CCAT2 | 0.34 kb | 8q24.21 | Involved in Microsatellite stability | Oncogenic | Colorectal, lung, breast cancers | [305, 306, 318] |
| CRNDE | 10.3 kb, Multiple transcripts | 16q12.2 | Interacts with PRC2, CoREST, regulated by Insulin, IGF | Oncogenic | Colorectal cancer, glioma | [284, 285] |
| CUDR | 2.2 kb | 19p13.12 | Involved in drug resistance | Oncogenic | Lung, cervical, colon and Bladder cancer | [261, 262] |
| H19 | 2.3 kb | 11p15.5 | Imprinting | Oncogenic | Liver, esophagal, breast, bladder, Pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, cervical | [84–86, 106–127] |
| HEIH | 1.6 kb | 5q34.3 | Represses PRC2 target genes through EZH2 | Oncogenic | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [225] |
| HOTAIR | 2.2 kb | 12q13.13 | Chromatin modification by binding to PRC2, LSD1 | Oncogeneic | Breast, liver, lung, gastrointestinal and colorectal | [160–171] |
| HULC | 0.5 kb | 6p24.3 | Interactor of CREB | Oncogenic | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [220–224] |
| KCNQ1OT1 | 91.5 kb | 11p15.5 | Imprinted lncRNA, binds to PRC2 & G9a | Oncogenic | Colorectal cancer | [82, 83, 128–135] |
| MALAT1 | ~8 kb | 11q13.1 | Modulates alternative splicing | Oncogenic | Colorectal and breast cancers | [29, 67, 176–189] |
| NEAT1 | 3.7 kb, 23 kb | 11q13.1 | Transcriptional and Post transcriptional regulation | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer and leukemias | [34, 174, 175] |
| ncRAN/ SNHG16 | 2 kb | 17q25.1 | Interacts with N-myc | Oncogenic | Bladder, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma | [286, 287] |
| PCA3 | 0.6, 2 kb, 4 kb and 23 kb | 9q21.2 | AR signaling | Oncogenic | Prostae Cancer | [226, 227, 257] |
| PCAT1 | 7.8 kb | 8q24.21 | Inhibits homologous recombination | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer | [230, 231] |
| PCGEM | 27 kb | 2q32 | Activates AR regulated genes | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer | [228, 229] |
| PCNA-AS1 | 384 bp | 20p12.3 | Increases stability of PCNA mRNA | oncogenic | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [311] |
| PlncRNA-1 | 24.5 | 21q22.12 | Interacts with AR | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer | [259] |
| PRNCR1 | 13 kb | 8q24.22 | Activates AR regulated genes | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer | [288] |
| PVT1 | >300 kb, Mutiple transcripts | 8q24 | Interacts with p53 | Oncogenic | Liver, breast, ovarian, colorectal, gastric, nonsmall cell lung cancer and leukemia | [289–295] |
| SChLAP1/ PCAT114 | 224.8 kb | 2q31.3 | Inhibits binding of SWI/SNF on genome | Oncogenic | Prostate cancer | [296] |
| SRA | 2 kb | 5q31.3 | Regulation through steroid hormones and PRC2 | Oncogenic | Prostate, breast, ovarian and uterine cancers | [69, 98, 190–195] |
| TUG1 | 6.7 kb, splice variants | 22q12.2 | Interacts with PRC2 to repress target genes, induced by p53 | Oncogenic | Urothelial and non small cell lung cancer | [297, 298] |
| UCA1 | 1.4 kb, 2.2 kb, 2.7 kb | 19p13.12 | Regulates cell cycle through CREB | Oncogenic | Bladder and Breast cancer | [312–315] |
| AK126698 | 3.8 kb | 1q24.2. | Cisplatin resistance through Wnt signaling | Tumor Suppressor | Non-small cell lung cancer | [299] |
| BANCR | 693 bp | 9q21.11 | Regulates MAPK pathway | Tumor suppressor | Melanoma, retinoblastoma, lung | [307–309] |
| GAS5/ SNHG2 | Multiple lnc and snoRNAs | 1q25.1 | Hormonal regulation (GR) | Tumor Suppressor | Breast, prostste, Gastric, cervical and renal cell cancers | [22, 196–205] |
| LET | 2.6 kb | 15q24.1 | Repression by HDAC3 under hypoxia conditions | Tumor Suppressor | Lung, liver and colorectal cancer | [300] |
| LincRNA-p21 | 3 kb | 6p21.2/ NA? | p53 dependent repression of genes through hnRNP-K | Tumor suppressor | Lymphoma, lung, colorectal carcinomas | [28, 55, 56, 280] |
| MEG3 | 1.6 kb, splicing isoforms | 14q32.2 | Positive regulator of p53 | Tumor suppressor | Prostate, bladder, Pituitory adenocarcinomas, meningoma | [301–304] |
| PTEN-P1 (Pseudogene) | ~4 kb | 9p13.3 | Enhances PTEN expression | Tumor suppressor | Prostate, colon cancers | [278] |
| XIST | 19 kb | Xq13.2 | Imprinting, binds to PRC2 | Tumor suppressor | Breast, ovarian and cervical cancers | [72–76, 141–159] |