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. 2015 Apr;5:86–97. doi: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2014.09.007

Table 1.

The life cycle deficit in countries.

Aggregate Life cycle deficit/surplus in % of labour income Age borders LCD Standard dependency ratio
Country Young Working age Old pos. until pos. from Young Old

Austria 20 32 25 24 59 34 29
Finland 26 28 25 26 60 38 28
France 29 31 24 23 59 42 28
Germany 18 31 30 26 60 31 34
Hungary 22 32 27 24 58 33 27
Italy 26 24 32 27 60 31 33
Slovenia 24 39 24 25 58 30 26
Spain 25 27 23 26 60 31 27
Sweden 25 39 23 26 64 40 31
UK 27 23 25 26 59 40 28

Sources: EUROSTAT (Population); EU-SILC 2011 (Labour income); www.ntaccounts.org (Consumption).