Table 2.

Effect of treatments on CuCp, weight and BMI and their changes (%) from baseline in females.

	CuCp (ppb)		Δ CuCp %		Weight (Kg)		Δ Weight %		BMI, kg/m2		Δ BMI %
	M3	M6	M3	M6	M3	M6	M3	M6	M3	M6	M3	M6
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
CTRL (n=5)	1248 ± 278	1215 ± 259	1.6 ± 14.3	−1.0 ± 8.2	75.7 ± 5.6	75.3 ± 6.6	−1.0 ± 3.3	−1.6 ± 4.5	27.4 ± 2.5	27.3 ± 2.8	−1.0 ± 3.3	−1.6 ± 4.5
CR (n=6)	1255 ± 356	1232 ± 254	4.6 ± 6.9	4.5 ± 10.5	68.2 ± 8.3**	65.9 ± 8.6**#	−7.3 ± 1.3 b	−10.5 ± 2.0 b	25.3 ± 1.4**	24.4 ± 1.2**#	−7.3 ± 1.3 b	−10.5 ± 2.0 b
CR+EX (n=7)	1016 ± 294*	935 ± 306*	−11.5 ± 28.1	−23.8 ± 28.0 a,x	72.4 ± 6.9**	69.1 ± 7.6**#	−5.8 ± 0.6 b,y	−10.3 ± 2.5 b	26.3 ± 1.8**	25.1 ± 2.1**#	−5.8 ± 0.6 b,y	−10.3 ± 2.5 b
LCD (n=7)	1021 ± 326	851 ± 319*	−5.6 ± 20.2	−45.0 ± 41.7 b,x	66.1 ± 7.4**	65.6 ± 7.9**	−14.1 ± 1.6 b,y,j	−14.8 ± 1.5 b,y,j	23.7 ± 2.1**	23.5 ± 2.1**	−14.1 ± 1.6 b,y,j	−14.8 ± 1.5b,y,j

Absolute CuCp data are expressed in part per billion (ppb) as Mean ± SD. CTRL (n=11): healthy weight maintenance; CR (n=12): 25% caloric restriction from baseline energy requirements; CR + exercise (n=12): 12.5% caloric restriction and 12.5% energy expenditure through aerobic exercise; d) low calorie diet = achieve a 15% reduction in body mass. Statistically different from baseline:

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01.

Statistically different from the same parameter at M3:

^#p<0.01.

Statistically different from CTRL:

^ap<0.05;

^bp<0.01.

Statistically different from CR:

^xp<0.05;

^yp<0.01.

Statistically different from CR+EX:

^jp<0.01.