TABLE 1.
Individual, interpersonal, work environment and macro-structural factors among 399 sex workers in Vancouver with experience pregnant and/or parenting
| Characteristic | Total (%) (399 = N) | Barriers while Pregnant/Parenting
|
p - value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) (136=34.0) | No (%) (263= 65.9) | |||
| Individual-level factors | ||||
| Age (median, IQR) | – | 35 (28-42) | 37.0 (31-44) | 0.055 |
| Median number of unintended pregnancies | – | 2.0 (1-4) | 2.0 (1-4) | 0.089 |
| Sexual minority+ | 81 (20.3) | 23 (28.4) | 113 (71.6) | 0.228 |
| English primary language | 309 (77.4) | 122 (39.5) | 14 (60.5) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 43 (10.8) | 12 (28.9) | 31 (72.1) | 0.359 |
| Ever used non-injection drugs | 303 (75.9) | 120 (39.6) | 183 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| Ever used injection drugs | 213 (53.4) | 93 (68.4) | 120 (45.6) | <0.001 |
| Interpersonal/ Partner-Level Factors | ||||
| Partner violence | 303 (75.9) | 120 (39.6) | 183 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| Work Environment Factors | ||||
| Threatened violence (workplace) | 97 (24.3) | 58 (59.7) | 39 (40.2) | 0.144 |
| Primary place where clients were serviced, last 6 months | ||||
| Outdoor/public place* | 178 (44.8) | 80 (58.8) | 98 (37.5) | – |
| Informal indoor/ out-call (e.g., bar, hotel, client’s place, supportive housing)* | 91 (22.9) | 34 (25.0) | 57 (21.8) | – |
| Formal sex work establishment/‘in-call’ venue (e.g., massage parlour, micro-brothel, managed indoor space)* | 128 (32.2) | 22 (16.1) | 106 (40.6) | – |
| Macro-Structural Factors | ||||
| Aboriginal ancestry (Indigenous ancestry, including First Nations, Metis, Inuit) | 155 (38.8) | 65 (47.8) | 90 (34.2) | 0.524 |
| International Migration | ||||
| Migrant/new immigrant | 100 (25.1) | 17 (17.0) | 83 (83.0) | <0.001 |
| Canadian born | ||||
| Education | ||||
| High school graduate | 205 (51.4) | 52 (38.2) | 153 (58.2) | <0.001 |
| Less than high school | 194 (48.6) | 84 (61.8) | 110 (41.8) | REF |
| Ever had child removed by child protection services | 117 (29.3) | 65 (55.6) | 52 (44.4) | <0.001 |
| Ever homeless | 268 (67.2) | 112 (41.8) | 156 (58.2) | <0.001 |
*
Variables refer to experiences within the past 6 months and therefore were not included in bivariate or multivariable analysis.
+
Sexual minority was defined as self-identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, two-spirited, or other