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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Dec 16;78(3):203–209. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.008

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Procedure for Experiment 1 in rats. Two groups underwent identical differential threat conditioning to initiate freezing to a conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with an electric shock unconditioned stimulus (US). Twenty-four hours later in a new context, one group underwent standard extinction in which the US was omitted on CS trials, while another group underwent a modified extinction procedure in which the US was replaced by a novel non-aversive tone. Spontaneous recovery was tested for both groups 24-hours later in the extinction context. (B) Freezing during extinction in the two groups was equivalent. (C) The NFE group showed significantly less evidence of recovery 24 hours later than the standard extinction group. ** P < .01; error bars reflect standard error. CS duration was 30 seconds.