Table 2.

Echocardiographic measurements

	Conscious	Ketamine-Xylazine	Isoflurane	Avertin	Ketamine
Heart Rate, beats/min	636 ± 23†	322 ± 9.2*†	450 ± 22*	486 ± 12*	561 ± 14*†
Fractional shortening, %	51 ± 0.9†	32 ± 0.6*†	36 ± 1.1*	39 ± 0.6*†	47 ± 0.5*†
Ejection fraction, %	83 ± 0.6†	60 ± 1*†	65 ± 1.5*	69 ± 0.7*†	79 ± 0.5*†
LV internal dimension in diastole, mm	3.3 ± 0.08†	4.0 ± 0.12*	3.9 ± 0.18*	3.7 ± 0.08	3.0 ± 0.09†
LV internal dimension in systole, mm	1.6 ± 0.05†	2.7 ± 0.09*	2.5 ± 0.13*	2.2 ± 0.06*	1.6 ± 0.06†

Values are means ± SE; n = 14 for all groups.

LV, left ventricular.

P < 0.05 vs. conscious state;

^†P < 0.05 vs. isoflurane.