Table 3.
Mutually exclusive combinations of past year behavioral therapy and past week medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children with special health care needs aged 4–17 years who have parent-reported current ADHD by demographic subgroups, National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs: US, 2009–10
| Behavioral Therapy and Medication Treatment | Medication | Treatment Only | Behavioral | Therapy Only | Neither Behavioral Therapy Nor Medication Treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | p-value1 |
| Overall | 30.7 | (29.1—32.4) | 43.3 | (41.6—45.1) | 13.3 | (12.1—14.6) | 12.7 | (11.4—14.1) | |
| Boys | 31.8 | (29.9—33.8) | 43.3 | (41.2—45.5) | 12.6 | (11.2—14.1) | 12.3 | (10.7—14.0) | |
| Girls | 28.2 | (25.3—31.3) | 43.3 | (40.1—46.6) | 15.0 | (12.6—17.7) | 13.5 | (11.4—16.0) | 0.14 |
| Age 4–5 | 21.2 | (15.1—29.1) | 25.4 | (17.4—35.5) | 31.9 | (23.5—41.8) | 21.4 | (13.5—32.4) | |
| Age 6–11 | 34.7 | (32.2—37.3) | 42.5 | (39.8—45.2) | 12.8 | (11.0—14.7) | 10.1 | (8.1—12.5) | <0.001 |
| Age 12–17 | 27.9 | (25.7—30.1) | 45.3 | (42.8—47.7) | 12.5 | (10.9—14.4) | 14.3 | (12.7—16.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic White2 | 29.9 | (28.1—31.8) | 48.3 | (46.3—50.3) | 11.0 | (9.8—12.3) | 10.8 | (9.6—12.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black2 | 32.3 | (27.7—37.2) | 34.5 | (29.6—39.7) | 17.1 | (13.5—21.5) | 16.2 | (12.4—20.9) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic2 | 33.8 | (28.1—40.0) | 35.7 | (30.0—41.9) | 17.0 | (12.5—22.7) | 13.5 | (10.0—18.0) | |
| Other2 | 29.0 | (23.6—35.1) | 30.7 | (25.4—36.7) | 19.6 | (14.8—25.5) | 20.7 | (13.1—31.1) | |
| Parental education | |||||||||
| Less Than High School2 | 32.3 | (26.2—39.0) | 42.3 | (35.7—49.1) | 8.7 | (5.9—12.6) | 16.7 | (12.4—22.3) | |
| High School Graduate2 | 29.9 | (26.5—33.5) | 44.7 | (40.8—48.6) | 13.1 | (10.5—16.2) | 12.3 | (10.0—15.1) | 0.10 |
| More Than High School2 | 30.7 | (28.9—32.6) | 43.1 | (41.1—45.1) | 14.2 | (12.7—15.9) | 12.0 | (10.5—13.7) | |
| <100% Poverty Level2 | 34.7 | (31.2—38.4) | 39.6 | (36.0—43.3) | 12.9 | (10.8—15.4) | 12.8 | (10.6—15.5) | |
| 100%-200% Poverty Level2 | 32.5 | (28.9—36.3) | 42.2 | (38.3—46.2) | 12.1 | (9.7—14.9) | 13.2 | (10.7—16.3) | 0.03 |
| >200% Poverty Level2 | 28.0 | (26.0—30.2) | 45.6 | (43.2—48.0) | 14.0 | (12.2—16.0) | 12.4 | (10.5—14.5) | |
| English as Primary Language2 | 30.4 | (28.8—32.0) | 44.1 | (42.3—45.9) | 13.1 | (11.9—14.5) | 12.4 | (11.1—13.9) | <0.001 |
| Other Language As Primary2 | 40.8 | (27.8—55.1) | 20.8 | (13.6—30.5) | 18.6 | (10.6—30.8) | 19.8 | (12.5—30.1) | |
| Northeast | 36.3 | (32.2—40.6) | 33.9 | (29.9—38.1) | 16.9 | (14.1—20.2) | 12.9 | (10.4—16.0) | |
| Midwest | 32.7 | (29.7—35.9) | 48.2 | (44.9—51.5) | 10.2 | (8.3—12.4) | 8.9 | (7.2—11.1) | <0.001 |
| South | 27.8 | (25.5—30.2) | 48.4 | (45.7—51.2) | 11.3 | (9.7—13.2) | 12.5 | (10.8—14.4) | |
| West | 29.9 | (25.5—34.8) | 32.8 | (28.7—37.3) | 19.2 | (15.2—24.0) | 18.1 | (13.6—23.7) | |
| Non-Public Insurance | 26.0 | (24.0—28.0) | 48.4 | (46.1—50.8) | 12.2 | (10.6—14.0) | 13.4 | (11.8—15.2) | |
| Public Insurance | 36.1 | (33.5—38.7) | 39.0 | (36.4—41.8) | 13.9 | (12.1—15.9) | 11.0 | (9.1—13.4) | <0.001 |
| No Insurance | 22.5 | (15.8—31.0) | 27.5 | (19.5—37.3) | 21.5 | (14.1—31.4) | 28.6 | (20.2—38.7) | |
| Medical Home | 25.5 | (23.3—27.9) | 55.8 | (53.1—58.4) | 8.8 | (7.4—10.4) | 9.9 | (8.4—11.7) | <0.001 |
| No Medical Home | 34.2 | (31.9—36.5) | 36.2 | (33.9—38.5) | 15.8 | (14.0—17.7) | 13.9 | (12.1—16.0) | |
| Mild ADHD | 16.6 | (14.6—18.7) | 48.2 | (45.3—51.2) | 15.1 | (12.9—17.7) | 20.1 | (17.7—22.7) | |
| Moderate ADHD | 32.6 | (30.2—35.2) | 44.5 | (41.8—47.1) | 13.0 | (11.2—14.9) | 10.0 | (8.4—11.7) | <0.001 |
| Severe ADHD | 49.6 | (45.3—53.9) | 33.1 | (29.3—37.2) | 10.9 | (8.5—13.8) | 6.4 | (3.6—11.2) | |
| Co-occurring condition3 | 38.9 | (36.7—41.2) | 32.3 | (30.1—34.6) | 17.0 | (15.3—18.9) | 11.8 | (10.1—13.8) | <0.001 |
| No Co-occurring condition | 18.7 | (16.6—21.0) | 59.5 | (56.7—62.2) | 7.9 | (6.3—9.9) | 13.9 | (12.1—16.0) | |
Chi-square p-value testing for difference in distribution among the four treatment categories (past year behavioral therapy and past week medication; past week medication alone; past year behavioral therapy alone; neither past week medication nor past year behavioral therapy) between demographic groups.
Multiple imputation used to estimate value for respondents with missing data on household income (7.9% missing), parental education (0.9%), race/ethnicity (0.7%), and household language (0.5%).
Co-occurring conditions included parent-reported depression, anxiety, behavioral or conduct problems (such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder), autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay and intellectual disability.