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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 17.
Published in final edited form as: PM R. 2014 Dec 12;7(5):499–511. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.11.011

Table 3.

Rates and incidence rate ratios of inpatient (IP) and emergency room (ER) hospital discharge encounters for individuals with spina bifida

Spina Bifida Patients
Age Group
Residential Area
Race
SNAP
Gender
15–19 y
20–24 y
(20–24 y vs 15–19 y)
(Urban vs Rural)
(Black/Other vs White)
(Yes vs No)
(Female vs Male)
n Rate n Rate IRR P Value IRR P Value IRR P Value IRR P Value IRR P Value
Total visits
 All visits 2744 0.96 2845 1.33 1.33 <.0001 1.15 .230 1.07 .523 1.55 <.0001 1.31   .013
 ER 1978 0.69 2188 1.02 1.61 <.0001 1.07 .647 1.08 .578 2.04 <.0001 1.49   .009
 IP   766 0.27   657 0.31 1.15   .268 1.36 .030 1.06 .645 1.05   .762 1.04   .789
Ambulatory care sensitive conditions
 All ACSC (ER)   490 0.17   451 0.21 1.36   .023 1.09 .609 1.48 .013 1.89   .003 1.14   .449
 All ACSC (IP)   139 0.05   105 0.05 1.13   .507 1.13 .638 1.63 .029 1.58   .224 0.65   .096
 Epilepsy (ER)   103 0.0     38 0.02 0.55   .084 0.41 .019 1.90 .059 1.20   .783 0.37   .006
 Other ACSC (ER)     64 0.02     91 0.04 2.20   .017 2.22 .047 1.27 .562 2.60   .004 1.03   .947
 Other ACSC (IP)     44 0.02     44 0.02 1.57   .090 1.65 .137 1.89 .025 1.82   .145 0.45   .010
 Severe ENT (ER)   105 0.04     82 0.04 1.08   .696 0.95 .843 1.29 .273 1.80   .014 2.37   .001
 UTI (ER)   204 0.07   235 0.11 1.74   .002 1.37 .168 1.67 .016 2.14   .016 1.38   .183
 UTI (IP)     64 0.02     47 0.02 1.09   .713 1.00 .993 1.57 .150 1.84   .191 1.03   .924
ICD-9-CM book chapters
 All digestive (ER)   101 0.04   108 0.05 1.52   .019 1.17 .541 1.07 .742 1.74   .033 1.37   .193
 All digestive (IP)     31 0.01     35 0.02 1.49   .355 2.62 .031 1.46 .422 0.61   .257 2.35   .029
 All endocrine (ER)     14 0.01     47 0.02 5.82   .007 4.94 .062 1.94 .509 0.87   .843 0.14   .004
 All genitourinary (ER)   279 0.10   313 0.15 1.64   .001 1.22 .306 1.29 .185 2.01   .009 1.65   .020
 All genitourinary (IP)   117 0.04     85 0.04 1.02   .925 1.20 .509 1.15 .547 1.38   .39 0.99   .952
 All ill-defined (ER)   478 0.17   465 0.22 1.40   .008 0.89 .571 1.18 .339 1.75   .003 1.57   .016
 All ill-defined (IP)     49 0.02     26 0.01 0.69   .193 1.37 .331 0.98 .936 0.38   .038 0.60   .073
 All infections (ER)     45 0.02     30 0.01 0.97   .921 1.62 .140 1.01 .978 2.71   .004 1.76   .059
 All infections (IP)     23 0.01     29 0.01 1.256   .397 1.80 .127 0.81 .490 0.76   .606 0.65   .171
 All mental health (ER)     75 0.03     57 0.03 1.12   .603 1.78 .227 1.02 .966 1.88   .17 0.81   .628
 All musculoskeletal (ER)   127 0.04   144 0.07 1.84 <.0001 1.31 .290 0.79 .330 3.69 <.0001 1.28   .358
 All musculoskeletal (IP)     35 0.01     29 0.01 1.20   .61 0.86 .696 1.69 .122 1.27   .565 0.72   .372
 All nervous system (ER)     75 0.03   126 0.06 2.35   .002 0.43 .011 1.41 .300 1.68   .128 1.68   .130
 All nervous system (IP)     41 0.01     26 0.01 0.78   .465 0.71 .323 0.77 .409 0.76   .540 1.18   .608
 All respiratory (ER)   191 0.07   156 0.07 1.13   .366 1.35 .115 1.06 .767 1.93 <.0001 1.65   .018
 All respiratory (IP)     34 0.01     28 0.01 1.14   .751 2.78 .082 0.97 .950 1.01   .992 0.28   .001
 All skin (ER)     79 0.03   114 0.05 2.19   .003 2.45 .006 1.98 .020 2.09   .007 1.21   .618
 All skin (IP)     47 0.02 63 0.03 1.98   .004 1.77 .118 1.63 .073 1.13   .786 0.28 <.0001

Note: Only results for outcomes with sufficient cell sizes are shown.

Data for ER and IP use for the ACSC of bacterial pneumonia, IP use for the ACSC of epilepsy, IP use for the ACSC of severe ENT, ER and IP use for all circulatory conditions, IP use for all endocrine conditions, IP use for all mental health conditions, and ER and IP use for all neoplasms are excluded from this table because of very small cell sizes.

ACSC = ambulatory care sensitive condition.