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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 17.
Published in final edited form as: PM R. 2014 Dec 12;7(5):499–511. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.11.011

Table 5.

Adjusted incidence rate ratios of inpatient (IP) and emergency room (ER) encounters among individuals with spina bifida, with data for both age groups, including persons with hydrocephalus and tethered cord syndrome

Patient Age
Residential Area
Race
SNAP
Gender
Hydrocephalus
Tethered Cord
15–19 y
20–24 y
(20–24 y vs 15–19 y)
(Urban vs Rural)
(Black/Other vs White)
(Yes vs No)
(Female vs Male)
Condition IRR P Value IRR P Value IRR P IRR P Value IRR P Value IRR P Value IRR P Value
Total visits
 All visits 1.49 <.0001 1.20 .168 1.06 .665 1.50   .001 1.34   .022 1.03 .771 0.87   .269
 ER 1.67 <.0001 1.14 .430 1.07 .680 1.77 <.0001 1.45   .027 1.00 .982 0.62   .007
 IP 1.41   .002 1.49 .017 1.09 .566 1.18   .380 1.02   .927 1.10 .538 1.16   .290
ACSC
 All ACSC (ER) 1.65 <.0001 1.13 .504 1.41 .049 1.61   .030 1.21   .328 0.98 .918 0.93   .721
 All ACSC (IP) 1.47   .051 1.04 .881 1.41 .130 1.44   .318 0.67   .145 1.37 .278 2.40   .001
 Epilepsy (ER) 0.88   .739 0.35 .021 1.57 .24 2.37   .231 0.41   .054 13.78 .000 0.19   .0127
 Other ACSC (ER) 2.64   .007 2.04 .096 1.36 .519 1.93   .050 1.06   .908 1.45 .224 0.73   .5072
 Other ACSC (IP) 1.52   .156 1.52 .279 2.01 .019 1.65   .275 0.39   .008 0.96 .902 2.46   .019
 Severe ENT (ER) 1.13   .552 1.21 .484 1.45 .129 1.43   .171 1.97   .022 0.65 .079 0.39   .002
 UTI (ER) 2.16 <.0001 1.23 .376 1.40 .114 1.62   .147 1.47   .116 0.70 .141 2.02   .004
 UTI (IP) 1.44   .153 0.84 .654 1.21 .543 1.41   .429 1.03   .929 1.27 .517 3.53   .001
ICD-9-CM book chapters
 All digestive (ER) 1.70   .005 1.43 .226 1.08 .756 1.50   .171 1.65   .099 0.75 .266 0.53   .021
 All digestive (IP) 1.98   .108 2.08 .157 1.50 .419 0.74   .587 2.18   .057 0.88 .790 1.22   .662
 All endocrine (ER) 6.60   .004 4.62 .114 1.89 .548 0.79   .788 0.15   .005 4.46 .040 4.52   .032
 All genitourinary (ER) 1.87 <.0001 1.14 .495 1.08 .683 1.49   .149 1.67   .018 0.71 .102 1.41   .115
 All genitourinary (IP) 1.25   .234 1.11 .76 0.98 .950 1.11   .762 1.03   .906 1.00 .990 3.23 <.0001
 All ill-defined (ER) 1.55   .003 1.09 .723 1.13 .566 1.84   .007 1.94   .003 1.35 .153 0.56   .015
 All ill-defined (IP) 1.37   .363 2.62 .052 1.03 .937 0.81   .692 0.80   .525 4.21 .004 1.02   .953
 All infections (ER) 1.22   .499 1.45 .301 1.03 .935 2.24   .015 1.41   .273 0.51 .033 0.86   .646
 All mental health (ER) 0.96   .851 1.95 .203 1.09 .862 1.62   .354 0.69   .373 0.87 .707 0.63   .364
 All musculoskeletal (ER) 1.87 <.0001 1.27 .382 0.93 .769 2.86 <.0001 1.29   .347 0.85 .480 0.69   .160
 All nervous system (ER) 1.85   .035 0.41 .003 1.38 .268 1.85   .125 1.07   .853 2.73 .002 0.20 <.0001
 All respiratory (ER) 1.18   .247 1.54 .041 1.07 .718 1.57   .020 1.51   .069 0.97 .848 0.41   .001
 All skin (ER) 2.52   .001 2.36 .018 2.16 .020 1.67   .091 1.11   .780 1.08 .777 1.60   .078
 All skin (IP) 2.04   .011 1.61 .249 1.81 .046 1.34   .553 0.22 <.0001 0.74 .362 3.20   .003
Miscellaneous
 Abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation (ER) 1.27   .237 1.61 .125 1.11 .698 2.72   .001 1.75   .105 0.72 .231 0.67   .299
 Backache, lumbago, and other back pain (ER) 1.99   .001 1.05 .897 0.63 .138 4.31 <.0001 1.43   .313 0.75 .291 0.72   .307

ACSC = Ambulatory Care Sensitive Condition; SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.