Table 1.

Effects of in vitro culture and freezing on sperm parameters

Parameters	Average (%) ± SDa	p value	b n
Effect of freezing (difference after thawing-before freezing)
Motility D0c	−6.0 ± 13.7	0.0003	40
Average motility after thawing D0	1.9 ± 4.8
Average motility before freezing D0	7.9 ± 14.7
Motility D1d	−6.3 ± 9.9	0.0003	43
Average motility after thawing D1	3.4 ± 7.6
Average motility before freezing D1	9.7 ± 12.7
Viability D0	−25.2 ± 18.3	<0.0001	40
Average viability after thawing D0	54.4 ± 16.5
Average viability before freezing D0	79.6 ± 11.9
Viability D1	−20.8 ± 15.6	<0.0001	33
Average viability after thawing D1	51.0 ± 18.9
Average viability before freezing D1	71.8 ± 13.7
Effect of in vitro culture (difference after in vitro culture-before in vitro culture)
Motility	+2.8 ± 12.0	0.0161	47
Average motility after in vitro culture D1 before freezing	10.7 ± 13.55
Average motility before in vitro culture D0 before freezing	7.9 ± 14.6
Viability	−8.3 ± 13.8	0.0070	35
Average viability after in vitro culture D1 before freezing	71.0 ± 13.7
Average viability before in vitro culture D0 before freezing	79.3 ± 12.4
Effect of freezing and in vitro culture (difference D1-D0 after thawing)
Motility	+1.4 ± 5.4	0.0895	44
Average motility after thawing D0	2.0 ± 4.9
Average motility after thawing D1	3.4 ± 7.6
Viability	−2.0 ± 21.6	0.7201	34
Average viability after thawing D0	54.0 ± 16.8
Average viability after thawing D1	52.0 ± 17.7

No Number of

^aSD: Standard Deviation

^bn: number of available data

^cD0: Day of the biopsy

^dD1: 24H after biopsy