Table 1.
Single challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice and rats
| Study | Genetic background | N | Age/weight | Sex | Type of LPS | Site of LPS | Dose (mg/kg) | Time of termination | Microglial activation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mice | |||||||||
| Henry [33] | BALB/c | 6 | 3 m | M | E. coli (O127:B8) | ip | 0.33 | 1 day | Yes |
| Henry [21] | BALB/c | 7 | 3–4 m | M | E. coli (O127:B8) | ip | 0.33 | 4 h | Yes |
| 18–20 m | 4 h | Yes | |||||||
| Carnavale [58] | C57BL/6 | 4 | 12–15 w | M | S. equine abortus | ip | 0.5 | 1 day | Yes |
| 5 weeks | No | ||||||||
| Terrando [22] | C57BL/6 | 4 | 12–14 w | M | E. coli (O111:B4) | ip | 1 | 1 day | Yes |
| 3 days | Yes | ||||||||
| 1 week | No | ||||||||
| Chung [36] | ICR | 7 | 6 w | M | U | ip | 1 | 6 h | Yes |
| 12 h | Yes | ||||||||
| 1 day | Yes | ||||||||
| Chen [25] | C57BL/6 | 4 | 8–12 w | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | ip | 1 | 1 day | No |
| Laflamme [3] | CD1 | U | 20–25 gr | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | ip | 1 | U | Yes |
| Gao [59] | B6C3F1/J | U | 7 m | M | E. coli (O111:B4) | ip | 1 | 1 day | Yes |
| 5 months | No | ||||||||
| Okuyama [41] | ICR | 10 | 6 w | M | S. typhimurium | ip | 1 | 3 days | Yes |
| Kaushik [60] | BALB/c | U | 6–8 w | U | S. enterica | ip | 5 | 1 day | Yes |
| Hwang [61] | C57BL/6 | U | 11 w | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | ip | 5 | 3 days | Yes |
| Qin [7] | B6:129SF2 | U | 8 w | M | E. coli (O111:B4) | ip | 5 | 2 h | Yes |
| C57BL/6 | U | 3 h | Yes | ||||||
| Sierra [6] | p7.2fms-EGFP | U | 2 m | B | S. typhimurium | ip | 5 | 1 day | Yes |
| Masocha [62] | C57BL/6 | 8 | 8–12 w | U | E. coli (O111:B4) | ip | 5 | 4 h | No |
| 1 day | Yes | ||||||||
| 1 year | Yes | ||||||||
| Ha [63] | C57BL/6 | 5 | 7 w | M | U | ip | 5 | 3 h | Yes |
| O’Callaghan [40] | C57BL/6 | 4 | 8–10 w | M | E. coli (O111:B4) | ip | 5 | 1 day | Yes |
| 3 months | Moderate | ||||||||
| Bhaskar [23] | C57BL/6 | U | 2 m | U | U | ip | 1 | 1 day | Moderate |
| 10 | 1 day | Yes | |||||||
| Nishioku [45] | ICR | 4 | 8 w | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | ip | 20 | 1 h | No |
| 3 h | No | ||||||||
| 6 h | Yes | ||||||||
| 1 day | Yes | ||||||||
| Smithason [20] | C57BL/6 | 6 | 10–12 w | M | U | ip | 200 | 2 days | Moderate |
| Sehgal [8] | C57BL/6 | 15 | 2–3 m | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | sc | 3 | 12 h | Yes |
| Rats | |||||||||
| Monje [64] | Fisher 344 | 3 | 160–180 gr | F | U | ip | 1 | 1 week | Yes |
| Fan [39] | Sprangue-Dawley | 6 | 5 d | B | E. coli (O55:B5) | ip | 2 | 1 day | Yes |
| Wang [65] | Sprangue-Dawley | 3 | 280–300 gr | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | ip | 5 | 1 day | Yes |
| Semmler [66] | Wistar | 4 | 250–300 gr | M | E. coli (O127:B8) | ip | 10 | 4 h | No |
| 8 h | No | ||||||||
| 1 day | Moderate | ||||||||
| Semmler [5] | Wistar | 5 | 250–300 gr | M | E. coli (O127:B8) | ip | 10 | 1 day | Yes |
| Garcia-Bueno [67] | Sprangue-Dawley | 5 | 260–340 gr | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | iv | 0.002 | 1–3 h | Moderate* |
| Jiang-Shieh [28] | Wistar | 10 | 200–250 gr | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | iv | 0.05 | 2 days | Yes |
| Buttini [44] | Sprangue-Dawley | 2 | 180–200 gr | M | E. coli (O55:B5) | iv | 1 | 1 day | No* |
| 2.5 and 5 | 1 h | No* | |||||||
| 3 h | Moderate* | ||||||||
| 6 h | Moderate* | ||||||||
| 8 h | Yes* | ||||||||
| 1 day | Yes* | ||||||||
| 3 day | Moderate* | ||||||||
| 1 week | No* |
Column time of termination is the time from the (first) LPS challenge
Abbreviations: N number of animals per group, m months, wk weeks, d days, gr gram, U unknown, M male, F female, B both sexes, ip intraperitoneal, sc subcutaneous, iv intravenous, iv intravenous
*Did not express data in statistical values, no statistical information