Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with incident diabetes and a matcheda non-exposed cohort
| Characteristic | Patients with diabetesb | Patients without diabetesc |
|---|---|---|
| Number = 222,731 | Number = 1,218,616 | |
| Age at entry in years | ||
| (Median, IQR) | 62.9 (52.5–72.5) | 63.6 (53.3–72.9) |
| Male gender | ||
| (number, %) | 122,594 (55.0) | 647,287 (53.1) |
| Smoking (number, %) | ||
| Non-smoker | 82,856 (37.2) | 525,881 (43.2) |
| Ex-smoker | 93,491 (42.0) | 404,929 (33.2) |
| Current smoker | 42,414 (19.0) | 244,247 (20.0) |
| Missing | 3,970 (1.8) | 43,559 (3.6) |
| Alcohol intake (number, %) | ||
| Non-drinker | 31,232 (14.0) | 134,862 (11.1) |
| Ex-drinker | 12,151 (5.5) | 44,158 (3.6) |
| Moderate drinker | 145,695 (65.4) | 793,877 (65.2) |
| Heavy drinker | 18,843 (8.5) | 99,444 (8.2) |
| Missing | 14,810 (6.7) | 146,275 (12.0) |
| BMI (number, %) | ||
| <20 | 4,648 (2.1) | 50,404 (4.1) |
| 20- < 25 | 29,973 (13.5) | 347,150 (28.5) |
| 25- < 30 | 70,949 (31.9) | 418,421 (34.3) |
| ≥30 | 105,789 (47.5) | 242,928 (19.9) |
| Unknown | 11,372 (5.1) | 159,713 (13.1) |
| Ethnicity (number, %) | ||
| White | 122,507 (55.0) | 626,733 (51.4) |
| South Asian | 5,326 (2.4) | 12,979 (1.1) |
| Black | 2,347 (1.1) | 7,979 (0.7) |
| Mixed or Other | 2,143 (1.0) | 8,518 (0.7) |
| Missing | 90,408 (40.6) | 562,407 (46.2) |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation | ||
| 1 – Least deprived | 26,071 (11.7) | 164,172 (13.5) |
| 2 | 30,191 (13.6) | 174,611 (14.3) |
| 3 | 27,406 (12.3) | 149,262 (12.3) |
| 4 | 27,207 (12.2) | 136,276 (11.2) |
| 5 – Most deprived | 24,080 (10.8) | 113,147 (9.3) |
| Missing | 87,776 (39.4) | 481,148 (39.5) |
| Mean number of consultations per year | ||
| 1st tertiled (0–6) | 16,096 (7.2) | 464,352 (38.1) |
| 2nd tertile (7–12) | 73,287 (32.9) | 407,155 (33.41) |
| 3rd tertile (13-maximum) | 133,348 (59.9) | 347,109 (28.5) |
| Total number of consultations | ||
| 1st tertiled (1–15) | 32,699 (14.7) | 444,234 (36.5) |
| 2nd tertile (16–49) | 65,760 (29.5) | 411,258 (33.8) |
| 3rd tertile (50-maximum) | 124,272 (55.8) | 363,124 (29.8) |
| Length of follow-up in years | ||
| (Median, IQR) | 4.4 (1.9–7.8) | 3.8 (1.6–7.0) |
| Total person-years | 1,172,829 | 5,767,599 |
aPatients with and without diabetes were matched for index date, age +/− 5 years, gender and practice
bDiabetes diagnosis defined as index date and start of follow-up
cPatients without diabetes on matched index date but may become diabetic in follow-up period
dTertiles defined in the overall cohort
BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range