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. 2015 Jan 29;4(2):243–259. doi: 10.3390/jcm4020243

Table 2.

Protocols for myogenic progenitor derivation from iPSC and in vivo testing.

Origin Method Myogenic Cells Mice Fiber Contribution Satellite Cell Ref.
miPSC EB on high serum, culture on Matrigel+ SM/C2.6 Ab+ selection Myoblast-like SM/C2.6+
  • -

    Irradiated mdx mice

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin
  • -

    58% fibers positive

 Yes [36]
hiPSC EB + general differentiation +MyoD1 mRNA Myoblast-like MyoD1+ No - - [45]
miPSC Inducible Pax7 expression on EB+ PDGFαR+FLK1− selection Myoblast-like PDGFaR+FLK1−
  • -

    Immuno-deficient

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin

  • -

    15%–20% fibers positive

  • -

    Functional improvement

 NA * [38]
LGMD2D hiPSC Inducible lentiviral MyoD1 on iPSC-derived MAB-like MyoD1 expressing mesangioblast- like
  • -

    Immuno-deficient

  • -

    Intramuscular (1)

  • -

    Intra-arterial (2)
  • -

    (1) 53% fibers positive

  • -

    (2) Muscle colonization

 NA [46]
hiPSC EB+ITS medium + myogenic medium Myoblast-like MyoD1+, Pax7+, Myf 5+
  • -

    Irradiated immuno-deficient

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin

  • -

    10%–17% fibers positive

Yes [37]
hiPSC Inducible Pax7 expression on EB Pax7+ myoblast-like
  • -

    Immuno-deficient control (1)

  • -

    immuno-deficient mdx (2)

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin (1)

 (1) Yes
(2) Yes
(2) Functional improvement		 Yes [39]
DMD **-hiPSC Mesenchyal-like lineage differentiation +adenoviral MyoD1 expression Myoblast-like MyoD1+
  • -

    Mdx mice

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin

 Yes NA [41]
hiPSC EB on Matrigel, GSK3 inh., forskolin, bFGF STEMdiff APEL medium Myoblast-like MyoD1+, Pax7+, Myf 5+, Gata2+
  • -

    Immuno-deficient

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin

 Yes Yes [44]
hiPSC ITS Medium+ GSK3 inh. +bFGF+AChR+ sorting Myoblast-like Pax3+, Pax7+ No - - [43]
hiPSC Piggyback transposon inducible MyoD1 Myoblast-like MyoD1+
  • -

    Immuno-deficient diabetic

  • -

    Intramuscular

  • -

    Cardiotoxin

 Low numbers of positive fibers NA [32]
miPSC dKO Inducible Pax3 expression on EB +PDGFαR+FLK1− selection +μUTR gene correction Myoblast-like Pax3+
  • -

    dKO dystrophin—utrophin mice

  • -

    Immunosuppr ession

  • -

    Intramuscular (1)

  • -

    Intra-arterial (1)
  • -

    20% fibers positive (1).

  • -

    Muscle colonization (2)

  • -

    Functional recovery (1,2)

 Yes [40]
hiPSC BMD &, SMA, ALS Free floating spherical culture +FGF2, EGF Myoblast-like - - - [42]

* NA = not assessed; ** Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy; & Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy; Ref.: Reference.