Table 1.

The different T21-iPSCs reprogrammed.

Type and Age of Donor Cells	Reprogramming Method	Characteristic of the iPSCs	DS Phenotype Investigated	References
Fibroblasts from patients (1 year, 1 month) with unrelated controls	Retrovirus with OSKM	The first T21-iPSCs generated		[10]
Fibroblasts from a DS patient (1 year) with unrelated controls	Retrovirus with OSKM		Neurons and AD associated phenotype	[10,13,14]
Skin fibroblasts from DS patients (childs) with no control	Lentivirus with OSKM	T21-iPSCs with different karyotypes for DS		[15]
Amniotic fluid cells (second trimester) with age match control	Lentivirus with OSKM		Reduced number of neurons	[16]
Fibroblasts from DS individuals	Retrovirus with OSKM	Isogenic iPSCs	Myeloid Leukemia	[10,17]
Neonatal fibroblasts Fetal stromal cells Fetal mononuclear cells	Doxycycline-induced Lentivirus with OSKM, Retrovirus with OSKM		Myeloid Leukemia	[18]
Fibroblasts from DS individuals	Lentivirus with OSNL	Trisomy 21 deletion through TKNEO	Proliferation and neurogenesis	[12]
Fibroblasts from unrelated patients and controls Fibroblasts from a mosaic DS patient.	Episomal vectors with OSK or OSNLM	Non integrating procedures Isogenic iPSCs	Neurogenesis, gliogenic shift	[19]
Fibroblasts from unrelated patients and controls Fibroblasts from a mosaic DS patient	Retrovirus with OSKM Sendai virus with OSKM	Isogenic iPSCs	Neuron deficit	[20]
Fibroblasts from a DS patient (1 year)	Retrovirus with OSKM Sendai virus with OSKM	Trisomy 21 deletion through Xist	Proliferation and neurogenesis	[10,21]
Fetal skin fibroblasts from monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21	Lentivirus with OSKM	Monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21	Neurogenesis, gliogenic shift, rescue of the phenotype	[22,23,24]
Fibroblasts	Retrovirus with OSKM	Non-isogenic and isogenic iPSCs	Neurogenesis, gliogenic shift	[25]

DS: Down syndrome; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; reprogramming cocktails: O for OCT4, S for SOX2, K for KLF4, M for c-MYC, N for NANOG, L for LIN28.