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. 2015 May 19;4(5):1025–1035. doi: 10.3390/jcm4051025

Table 1.

Summary of the studies assessing the association between hypothalamic-pituitary autoimmunity and traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced hypopituitarism.

Author (year) Total sample (N) Type of TBI and N Age at evaluation (yr; mean ± SD) M:F Glasgow Coma Scale (score; N) CT findings (N of pt) Hormone deficiency (N; type) Time at evaluation after TBI (m; mean ± SD) Evaluations performed APA + (N) AHA + (N)
Tanriverdi et al. (2008) 29 Road accident (18); fall (11) 36.5 ± 2.3 25:4 13–15: 18
9–12: 6
≤8: 5
sub/epidural hemorrhage: 12
cranial vault fracture: 5
normal CT: 6
severe brain swelling: 2
basal skull fracture: 1
8
6 APA + (5 GH-D; 1 ACTH-D)
2 APA- (1 GH-D 1 ACTH-D)
36 Basal; GHRH+ GHRP6; ACTH 1 μg; glucagon test 13
(7 WP; 6 SP)
N/A
Tanriverdi et al. (2010) 61 Elite boxers (44 actively competing; 17 retired) 26 ± N/A 61:0 N/A N/A 11
9 GH-D
5 ACTH-D
N/A 14 13
Tanriverdi et al. (2013) 25 Road accident, fall and other reasons 36.8 ± 2.1 20:5 13–15: 16
9–12: 5
≤8: 4
N/A 60 m: 1 FSH/LH-D; 1 ACTH-D; 7 GH-D 12 and 60 (all pt); 36 (17 pt) 60 m: 12 (7 WP; 5 SP) 60 m: 15 (8 WP; 7 SP)

Legend to table: ACTH-D = adrenocorticotropic hormone; AHA = anti-hypothalamic antibodies; APA = anti-pituitary antibodies; antiCT = Computed Tomography; F = females; GH-D = growth hormone deficiency; m = months; M = males; N = patient number; pt = patients; SP = strong positivity; TBI = traumatic brain injury; TSH = thyreotroph stimulating hormone; WP = weak positivity; yr = years.