Table 2.
Hazard ratios and 95% CI for prostate cancer by available carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load
| Cases | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio(95% CId) | Hazard ratio (95% CId) | Hazard ratio (95% CId) | ||
| Available carbohydrate (g/day) | ||||
| Q1 (≤188.6) | 491 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Q2 (188.7–236.0) | 472 | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) |
| Q3 (236.1–284.6) | 510 | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) |
| Q4 (284.7–350.0) | 483 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.88 (0.73–1.05) |
| Q5 (≥350.1) | 480 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.90 (0.80–1.03) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) |
| p for trend | 0.59 | 0.16 | 0.27 | |
| Glycemic index | ||||
| Q1 (≤52.1) | 472 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Q2 (52.2–54.1) | 516 | 1.05 (0.92–1.18) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) |
| Q3 (54.2–55.8) | 496 | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) |
| Q4 (55.9–58.0) | 497 | 1.04 (0.91–1.17) | 1.03 (0.90–1.16) | 0.99 (0.87–1.14) |
| Q5 (≥58.1) | 455 | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
| p for trend | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.41 | |
| Glycemic load (g/day) | ||||
| Q1 (≤103.2) | 493 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Q2 (103.3–129.4) | 458 | 0.90 (0.80–1.03) | 0.88 (0.78–1.00) | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) |
| Q3 (129.5–156.7) | 510 | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.97 (0.85–1.09) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) |
| Q4 (156.8–193.9) | 498 | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) |
| Q5 (≥194.0) | 477 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) |
| p for trend | 0.86 | 0.30 | 0.61 | |
Adjusted for age at entry, year of entry, race, and center
Adjusted for age at entry, year of entry, race, center, compliant for baseline screen, marital status, BMI, vigorous physical activity, smoking, history of diabetes, history of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer), aspirin use, family history of prostate cancer, any prostate problems, prior PSA test, and prostate biopsy prior to entry
Adjusted for age at entry, year of entry, race, center, compliant for baseline screen, marital status, BMI, vigorous physical activity, smoking, history of diabetes, history of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer), aspirin use, family history of prostate cancer, any prostate problems, prior PSA test, prostate biopsy prior to entry, and dietary factors—energy, total fat, red meat, processed meat, dairy, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E, lycopene, and selenium
CI confidence interval