Table 3.
Autoantigens in other (peripheral) autoimmune diseases.
| Autoantigen | Remarks | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Myasthenia gravis | ||
| nAChR | Antibodies in most MG patients | (223) |
| MuSK | Antibodies in “seronegative” MG patients | (222) |
| LRP4 | Antibodies in “seronegative” MG patients | (224, 317) |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | ||
| Insulin | Antibodies already in prediabetics T-cell reactivities to different epitopes |
(253, 254) |
| IA-2 | Antibodies in 50% of diabetics T-cell responses in context of HLA-DR4 |
(257, 259) |
| GAD-65 | Antibodies in >80% of diabetics Elevated T-cell responses |
(256, 260–262) |
| ZnT8 | Antibodies in 60–80% of diabetics at onset of disease Elevated T-cell responses |
(258, 263) |
| IGRP | Elevated T-cell responses | (264) |
| Chromogranin A | Elevated T-cell responses | (265) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | ||
| Fc-part of immunoglobulins | Antibodies in >80% of RA patients (rheumatoid factor) | (277) |
| Citrullinated antigens | Antibodies before and during disease course Specific B cells in synovial fluid |
(281, 282) |
| Carbamylated antigens | Antibodies in 45% of RA patients | (286) |
| Collagen | Antibodies to post-translationally modified forms Antibodies to denatured forms |
(287, 288) |
| 65-kDa heat-shock protein | Antibodies in RA patients | (279) |
| Cartilage glycoprotein-39 | T-cell responses in RA patients | (275) |
| Aggrecan G1 | T-cell responses in RA patients | (276) |
Important (candidate) autoantigens of MG, T1D, and RA are shown. It can be comprehended that in T1D and RA, there are several candidate autoantigens evoking B- and/or T-cell responses, whereas in MG, the target antigens are already more clear.