Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of SALSA Participants by baseline diabetes status.
| Variable | Overall N=1777 | Diabetes N=586 (33.0%) | Pre-diabetes N=310 (17.5%) | No Diabetes N=881 (49.6%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 70.7 (7.1) | 70.3 (6.9) | 69.8 (6.9) | 71.2 (7.3) | 0.003 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 1041 (58.6) | 332 (56.7) | 174 (56.1) | 535 (60.7) | 0.19 |
| Male | 736 (41.4) | 254 (43.3) | 136 (43.9) | 346 (39.3) | |
| Nativity Status, n (%) | 0.0002 | ||||
| U.S. Born | 871 (49.0) | 324 (55.3) | 157 (50.7) | 390 (44.3) | |
| Mexico Born | 906 (51.0) | 262 (44.7) | 153 (49.4) | 491 (55.7) | |
| Acculturation score (0–56), mean (SD) | 21.9 (12.9) | 22.1 (12.9) | 22.6 (13.2) | 21.5 (12.8) | 0.42 |
| Marital Status, n (%) | 0.74 | ||||
| Married | 1030 (58.0) | 347 (59.3) | 175 (56.5) | 508 (57.7) | |
| Single | 51 (2.9) | 13 (2.2) | 9 (2.9) | 29 (3.3) | |
| Other | 694 (39.1) | 225 (38.5) | 126 (40.7) | 343 (39.0) | |
| Behavioral risk factors | |||||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29.7 (5.6) | 31.0 (6.3) | 31.1 (5.6) | 28.3 (5.4) | <.0001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2), n (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| Normal: <25 | 310 (19.1) | 68 (12.5) | 26 (8.4) | 216 (28.0) | |
| Overweight: ≥25 and <30 | 628 (38.6) | 209 (38.4) | 114 (36.8) | 305 (39.5) | |
| Obese: ≥30 | 688 (42.3) | 267 (49.1) | 170 (54.8) | 251 (32.5) | |
| Waist circumference (in), mean (SD) | 38.1 (5.2) | 39.6 (4.9) | 39.1 (5.1) | 36.7 (5.1) | <.0001 |
| Physical activity, hrs/wk, mean (SD) | 60.5 (34.9) | 55.0 (34.5) | 59.0 (31.0) | 64.6 (36.0) | <.0001 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| Frequent (daily) | 155 (8.8) | 27 (4.7) | 34 (11.0) | 94 (10.8) | |
| Moderate (weekly) | 185 (10.5) | 42 (7.2) | 30 (9.7) | 113 (13.0) | |
| Occasional (monthly) | 162 (9.2) | 39 (6.7) | 43 (13.9) | 80 (9.2) | |
| Yearly/rarely/never | 1259 (71.5) | 472 (81.4) | 202 (65.4) | 585 (67.1) | |
| Depression, n (%) | 439 (25.5) | 161 (28.6) | 76 (24.8) | 202 (23.7) | 0.11 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1207 (67.9) | 473 (80.7) | 214 (69.0) | 520 (59.0) | <.0001 |
| Cardiovascular Disease, n (%) | 659 (37.1) | 288 (49.2) | 96 (31.0) | 275 (31.2) | <.0001 |
| Individual level SEP | |||||
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 7.2 (5.3) | 7.1 (5.4) | 7.6 (5.4) | 7.2 (5.3) | 0.41 |
| Household income, n (%) | 0.51 | ||||
| Low (<$1,500) | 1140 (65.2) | 382 (66.4) | 192 (62.5) | 566 (65.4) | |
| High (≥$1,500) | 608 (34.8) | 193 (33.6) | 115 (37.5) | 300 (34.6) | |
| Lifetime occupation, n (%) | 0.59 | ||||
| Non manual | 372 (21.2) | 122 (21.0) | 71 (23.3) | 179 (20.6) | |
| Manual | 1054 (60.0) | 346 (59.6) | 172 (56.4) | 536 (61.6) | |
| Housewives/unemployed | 330 (18.8) | 113 (19.5) | 62 (20.3) | 155 (17.8) | |
Marital status=other includes divorced, separated, widowed, living with as spouse.