Table 1.
Authors, year, journal |
n | Mean age, (SD) |
Study design |
Phase of illness |
Antipsychotic status |
Glutamatergic marker(s)a |
Structural measure(s)a |
Key findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kraguljac et al. (2013), JAMA Psychiatry | 27 SCZ; 27 HC | SCZ: 32.63 (9.28); HC: 32.85 (9.39) | CS | Mixed | Unmedicated at assessment | Glx in hippocampus. Assessed by 1H-MRS | Hippocampal GM volume. Assessed by MRI | In SCZ:
In HC:
|
Tandon et al. (2013), Schizophr. Res. | 23 HR; 24 HC | HR: 15.92 (4.21); HC: 15.57 (3.99) | CS | At risk | Unmedicated at assessment | Glx in thalamus and caudate. Assessed by 1H-MRS | Thalamic and caudate volume. Assessed by MRI | In HR:
|
Aoyama et al. (2011), Br. J. Psychiatry | 17 SCZ; 17 HC | SCZ: 25 (7); HC: 29 (10) | L; 80 months | FES | Unmedicated at initial assessment; medicated at 10- and 80-month assessments | Glutamine in thalamus and anterior cingulate; tGL in thalamus and anterior cingulate. Assessed by 1H-MRS | Whole brain GM volume. Assessed by MRI | In SCZ:
In HC:
|
Klar et al. (2010), NeuroImage | 29 SCZ; 44 HC | SCZ: 27.6 (6.8); HC: 30.9 (7.9) | CS | Mixed | Medicated at assessment | Glutamate in hippocampus. Assessed by 1H-MRS | Hippocampal volume. Assessed by MRI | In SCZ:
In HC:
|
Stone et al. (2009), Biol. Psychiatry | 27 ARMS; 27 HC | ARMS: 25 (5); HC: 25 (4) | CS | At risk | Unmedicated at assessment | Glutamate in thalamus; glutamine in anterior cingulate. Assessed by 1H-MRS | Whole brain GM volume. Assessed by MRI | In ARMS:
In HC:
|
Thebergeetal.(2007), Br. J. Psychiatry | 16 SCZ; 16 HC | SCZ: 25 (8); HC: 29 (12) | L; 30 months | FES | Unmedicated at initial assessment; medicated at 10- and 30-month assessments | Glutamine in thalamus and anterior cingulate. Assessed by 1H-MRS | Whole brain GM volume and 1H-MRS voxel GM volume. Assessed by MRI | In SCZ:
In HC:
|
Tsai et al. (1998), Biol. Psychiatry | 61 SCZb; 23 HC | SCZ: 37.7 (7.1); HC: 35.8 (10.1) | CS | Chronic | Unmedicated at assessment | CSF glutamate | VBR; prefrontal atrophy. Assessed by CT | In SCZ:
|
ARMS: at risk mental state; CS: cross-sectional; CT: computed tomography; FES: first episode schizophrenia; Glx: Glutamate+Glutamine; GM: grey matter; HC: healthy controls;1H-MRS: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; HR: high-risk; L: longitudinal; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; SCZ: schizophrenia; SD: standard deviation; tGL: Glutamate+Glutamine; VBR: ventricle–brain ratio.
Only measures that were utilized for the investigation of the relationship between glutamatergic markers and brain structure, and were subsequently reported upon, are included in this table.
Included schizoaffective patients.