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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Virol. 2015 May 13;12:91–98. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.04.004

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

(A) Schematic of viral RNA recognition and antiviral signal activation by RIG-I and MDA5. Both receptors utilize MAVS on mitochondria (or peroxisome) for activation of the downstream signaling pathway. This review focuses on the interactions between the CARD domains of RIG-IMDA5 and MAVS. See (B) for details. (B) Antiviral signal activation requires monomer-to-filament transition of MAVS CARD, which in turn requires homo-oligomerization of RIG-I/MDA5 2CARDs. There are at least two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms that induce 2CARD oligomerization; ubiquitin-mediated and filament-induced mechanisms.