Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of women regarding experience of any form of spousal violence (physical/ emotional), PDHS 2012-2013(n = 3545).
| Characteristics | Spousal Violence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 1344) | No (n = 2201) | ||
| n(%) | n(%) | p-value* | |
| Intergenerational transfer of spousal violence (mother also experienced spousal violence) | |||
| No | 709 (28.5) | 1781 (71.5) | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 539 (67.9) | 255 (32.1) | |
| Do not know | 96 (37.1) | 165 (62.9) | |
| Attitudinal acceptance of spousal violence (beating justified if wife argues with husband) | |||
| No | 721 (32.3) | 1513 (67.7) | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 603 (47.4) | 669 (52.6) | |
| Do not know | 20 (51.3) | 19 (48.7) | |
| Age at marriage | |||
| < 18 | 635 (42.5) | 858 (57.5) | < 0.01 |
| ≥ 18 | 709 (34.6) | 1343 (65.4) | |
| Highest education level | |||
| No education | 858 (43.8) | 1100 (56.2) | < 0.01 |
| Primary | 199 (38.9) | 313 (61.1) | |
| Secondary | 183 (29.0) | 448 (71.0) | |
| Higher | 104 (23.4) | 340 (76.6) | |
| Wealth index | |||
| Poor | 596 (44.4) | 746 (55.6) | < 0.01 |
| Middle | 259 (39.8) | 391 (60.2) | |
| Rich | 489 (31.5) | 1064 (68.5) | |
| Parity | |||
| none | 73 (21.6) | 265 (78.4) | < 0.01 |
| 1–4 | 649 (34.6) | 1226 (65.4) | |
| 5+ | 622 (46.7) | 710 (53.3) | |
| Respondent's Employment status | |||
| Not working | 1006 (36.3) | 1765 (63.7) | < 0.01 |
| Working | 338 (43.7) | 436 (56.3) | |
| Respondent's empowerment status | |||
| Wife involved in decision-making | 594 (35.0) | 1105 (65.0) | < 0.01 |
| Wife not involved in decision-making | 750 (40.6) | 1096 (59.4) | |
* The p value has been calculated using Chi square test.