. 2015 Apr 25;4(1):89–105. doi: 10.1007/s40122-015-0035-9

Table 1.

Critical tasks for NAI and NXN

NAI critical tasks	NXN critical tasks^a
(1) Remove from outer case	(1) Pull off both yellow caps from syringe
(2) Pull off red safety guard	(2) Pull off purple naloxone cap from naloxone cartridge
(3) Place black end onto patient’s appropriate injection location^b	(3) Attach atomizer onto syringe
(4) Press firmly to activate	(4) Screw naloxone cartridge into syringe
(5) Hold at least 1 s	(5) Assemble the cartridge or atomizer without any drug leaking prematurely^c
	(6) Place atomizer tip into patient’s nostril
	(7) Push cartridge to administer some naloxone into one nostril
	(8) Push cartridge to administer remaining naloxone into the other nostril

NAI naloxone 0.4 mg auto-injector, NXN naloxone nasal atomization kit

^aParticipants can perform steps 1–2 and 3–4 out of sequence

^bLocations include subcutaneous or intramuscular injection into abdomen, thigh, arm, buttocks

^cDrug leaking defined as naloxone leaking between atomizer and syringe, from the back of the cartridge, or due to cartridge breaking