Table 1.

Topical non-local analgesics

TRPV-1 agonist: capsaicin

Alpha-2 agonists: clonidine

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors acting as analgesics: aspirin and diclofenac

Single drug or combination of topical medications: tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, doxepin), ketamine, baclofen, gabapentin

Botulinum toxin type A

Topical opioids: morphine, loperamide

Antioxidants: dimethyl sulfoxide

Palmitoylethanolamide