Table 2.
Characteristics of Community Health Worker Interventions
| First Author | CHW Affiliation | Main Activities | Educational Level | Formal Training | Published Intervention Protocol | Integrated Care with Primary Care Provider | Group Class Content | In Person Sessions Planned | In Person Sessions Performed | Number of Phone Contacts Performed | Community Outreach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corkery | Community clinic | Education, support, advocacy | Not specified | Not specified | No | Yes | Not applicable | As needed to complete a Diabetes Education Program | 80 % of intervention participants completed the Diabetes Education Program | Not applicable | No |
| Lujan | Community clinic | Education, support | Not specified | Yes | Yes | No | Self-monitoring, nutrition, diabetes complications | 8 (weekly) | Not specified | (biweekly) | No |
| Babamoto | Community clinic | Education, support | High School or GED | Yes | No | No | Self-monitoring, nutrition, exercise, medication adherence | Not specified | Mean total in-person & phone contacts = 11.3 in 6 months | (please refer to cell at left) | No |
| Spencer | Community-based non-profit | Education, support | Not specified | Yes | Yes | Yes | Diabetes education | 11 (biweekly) | (biweekly) | No | |
| Brown | Starr County, TX | CHW assisted Nurse & Dieticians, who led the intervention | High School or higher | Yes | Yes | Yes | Self-monitoring, nutrition/food demonstration, medications, exercise, diabetes complications, group support/problem solving | 26 intervention sessions (in 1 year) | Not applicable | Unknown | |
| Gary | University-affiliated Managed Care Organization | Education, support, advocacy | High School | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | At least 1/year with NCM and 3/year with CHW | Unknown | 2–4 by CHW (in 2 years, depending on number of in-person contacts) | Unknown |
| Allen | Community Health Center | Education, support, advocacy | Not specified | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Mean of 7 in 1 year; customized according to need | Mean of 6 in first 6 months; customized according to need | Unknown | |
| Prezio | Community-based and certified as CHW | Education, support, advocacy | GED | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | 7 per protocol (in 1 year) | Not applicable | No | |
| DePue | Community Health Center | Education, support, advocacy | Minimum of high school | Yes | Yes | Yes | Self-monitoring, nutrition/food demonstration, medications, exercise, diabetes complications, group support/problem solving | Higher risk: weekly meetings with NCM and CHW; moderate risk: monthly meetings with CHW; lower risk: every 3 months | 74 % of expected visits were performed | Not applicable | No |
| Rothschild | Community-based non-profit | Education, support | High School | Yes | Yes | No | Not applicable | 36 (in 2 years) | 32 % received all visits, but 34 % received < 18 visits | Not applicable | Yes |
| Perez-Escamilla | Community-based non-profit | Education, support, consultation with health care team | Not specified | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | 17 per protocol (in 1 year); additional visits occurred | Reported aggregate visits for all participants in study (n = 2,731) | No | |
| Tang | Community-based non-profit | Education, support, consultation with PCP | High School or GED | Yes | Yes | Yes | Nutrition, exercise, stress reduction, diabetes education | 11 group sessions + 2 individual. sessions + 1 session including PCP (in first 6 months) | 12 (in subsequent 12 months) | No | |
| Palmas | Community-based non-profit | Education, support, advocacy | High School | Yes | Yes | No | Nutrition, diabetes education, exercise | Median of 3, in 1 year | Median of 10 | No |
CHW Community Health Workers