Table 2.

List of bacteria susceptible to the bioactive herbal components.

Active compounds	Source	Antibacterial assay method	Active against bacteria	MIC (μg/ml)	References
Hexahydroxy diphenoyl ester vescalagin	Lythrum salicaria	Agar well diffusion test	A. baumannii	N/A	Becker et al., 2005; Guclu et al., 2014
			H. pylori	N/A
			P. aeruginosa	N/A
			Staphylococcus aureus	62
			B. cereus	N/A
			Mycobacterium smegmatis	N/A
			Micrococcus luteus	125
			Proteus mirabilis	62
Ellagic acid	Rosa rugosa	MIC, MBC	A. baumannii	250	Miyasaki et al., 2013
Terchebulin	Terminalia chebula	MIC, MBC	A. baumannii	500	Miyasaki et al., 2013
Chebulagic acid				1000
Chebulinic acid				62.5
Corilagin				1000
Norwogonin	Scutellaria baicalensis	MIC, MBC	A. baumannii	128	Chan et al., 2011; Miyasaki et al., 2013
Baicalin				N/A
Baicalein				N/A
Eugenol	Syzygium aromaticum	MIC, CFU	A. baumannii	1250	Kollanoor Johny et al., 2010; Pelletier, 2012; Saulnier, 2014
			C. jejuni	N/A
			S. enteritidis	N/A
Trans-cinnamaldehyde	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	MIC, CFU	A. baumannii	310	Kollanoor Johny et al., 2010; Pelletier, 2012; Saulnier, 2014
		CFU	S. enteritidis	N/A
		CFU	C. jejuni	N/A
Carvacrol	Oreganum vulgare	MIC, CFU	Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis	0.031%, v/v	Nostro et al., 2007; Kollanoor Johny et al., 2010; Pelletier, 2012; Saulnier, 2014
			Biofilms of S. aureus	0.015–0.031%, v/v
			A. baumannii	310
			S. enteritidis	N/A
			C. jejuni	N/A
Thymol	Thymus	CFU, MIC	S. enteritidis	N/A	Nostro et al., 2007; Kollanoor Johny et al., 2010; Pelletier, 2012
			C. jejuni	N/A
			A. baumannii	N/A
			S. epidermidis biofilms	0.031%, v/v
			biofilms of S. aureus	0.031–0.062%, v/v
Curcumin	Curcuma longa	MIC, time kill assay, FIC index, CFU	S. aureus	125–250	De et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2013; Mun et al., 2013; Betts and Wareham, 2014
			H. pylori	5–50
			A. baumannii	4 (in presence of EGCG)
			Streptococcus mutans	175
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)	Camellia sinensis (Green tea)	MIC, time kill assay, FIC index, CFU	S. aureus	100	Kono et al., 1997; Zhao et al., 2002; Osterburg et al., 2009; Gordon and Wareham, 2010; Betts and Wareham, 2014
			A. baumannii	312–625
			Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	512
			H. pylori	64
Epicatechin	Camellia sinensis (Green tea)	Disk diffusion assay	A. baumannii	N/A	Betts et al., 2011
			S. maltophilia	N/A
Theaflavin	Camellia sinensis (Black tea)	Disk diffusion assay	A. baumannii	N/A	Betts et al., 2011
			S. maltophilia	N/A
(+)-Lyoniresinol-3 alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	Lycium chinense Mill.	CFU	A. baumannii	N/A	Chan et al., 2011
			S. aureus	N/A
			Enterococcus faecalis	N/A
Paeonol	Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.	CFU	A. baumannii	N/A	Chan et al., 2011
			S. aureus	N/A
			E. faecalis	N/A
Berberine	Coptidis chinensis Franch.	CFU	A. baumannii	N/A	Chan et al., 2011
			S. aureus	N/A
			E. faecalis	N/A
Berberine	Berberis fremontii (Desert barberry)	MIC	S. aureus	30	Stermitz et al., 2000; Lewis and Ausubel, 2006
Berberine	Hydrastis Canadensis (Golden seal)	CFU, FIC	S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes	N/A	Lewis and Ausubel, 2006; Ettefagh et al., 2011
Honokiol, Magnolol	Magnolia dealbata	Disk diffusion assay	Clavibacter michiganensis, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, Acinetobacter iwoffii	N/A	Jacobo-Salcedo Mdel et al., 2011
α-elemene, δ-elemene, furanosesquiterpenes	Commiphora molmol (Myrrh)	Disk diffusion assay, CFU, MIC	K. pneumoniae	6250	Masoud and Gouda, 2012
			P. aeruginosa	6250
			A. baumannii	2500
			E. coli	6250
p-Coumaric acid, ascorbic acid, pyrocatechol, cinnamic acid	Aloe vera	Agar well Diffusion Technique	S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, B. subtilis, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, Salmonella typhi	N/A	Lawrence et al., 2009
Allyl methyl disulfide, Diallylsulfide, Diallyltrisulfide, Allyl methyl trisulfide, Diallyldisulfide, Diallyltetrasulfide	Allium sativum (Garlic)	MIC	P. aeruginosa	3120	Khadri et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2011
			K. pneumonia	1250
			A. baumannii	3120
		CFU	C. jejuni	N/A
Stigmasterol, Nimbiol, sugiol,4-cymene, α-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol	Azadirachta indica	Disk diffusion assay	S. epidermidis	N/A	Fabry et al., 1998; Nand et al., 2012
		MIC	S. aureus	1000
			Enterococci	500
			Klebsiella	2000
			P. aeruginosa	1000
			E. coli	2000
			Salmonella	2000
Gossypetin, hibiscetin, quercetin, sabdaretin, delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside	Hibiscus subdarifa (Indian sorrel/Rose mallow)	MIC, MBC	K. pneumoniae	1024	Djeussi et al., 2013; Pacôme et al., 2014
			E. aerogenes	1024
			P. stuartii	512
			E. coli	1024
			E. cloacae	256
Quercetin-7-0-B-D-xylopyranoside, 7-baueren-3-acetate	Adansonia digitata (Baobab/Gorakh imli)	MIC, MBC	K. pneumoniae	1024	Djeussi et al., 2013
			E. coli	1024
			E. cloacae	1024
			Providencia stuartii	1024
			E. aerogenes	1024

MIC, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; MBC, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration; FIC, Fractional Inhibitory Concentration; CFU, Colony Forming Units.