Table 1.

Effects of heat stress and cooling treatments on body temperature variables and production variables in dairy cows

Treatment (n=9)	Rectal temperature (°C)			Respiration rate (breath/min)			DMI (kg/d)	Milk yield (kg/d)
	6:00	14:00	22:00	6:00	14:00	22:00
HS	39.01	39.31	39.17	68.58	85.00	67.25	17.89	26.11
CL	38.29	38.32	38.51	36.67	40.25	36.17	24.45	37.44
SEM	0.13	0.13	0.11	3.79	4.99	3.64	0.26	0.93
P-value	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

HS: heat stress; CL: cooling; SEM: standard error of the mean. Heat stress and cooling treatments occurred in natural condition. All dairy cows were individually fed TMR ad libitum three times daily. Heat stress, THI average=81.7 and cooling, THI average=53.4