. 2015 Jun;16(6):541–548. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1400341

Table 4.

Serum concentrations of HSF and HSPs among moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress in dairy cows

HS treatment (n=9)	HSF (ng/ml)	HSP27 (ng/L)	HSP70 (ng/ml)	HSP90 (ng/ml)
Moderate	20.46^a	208.13	25.99^a	28.40
Mild	13.86^b	169.80	16.57^b	27.94
No	13.75^b	172.11	16.78^b	27.53
SEM	1.21	8.86	1.60	0.51
P-value	0.02	0.14	0.012	0.80

HS: heat stress; SEM: standard error of the mean. HS treatment from the first experiment lasted 8 weeks to investigate the changes under moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress. The THI averages were 81.7, 78.0, and 68.9, respectively. Each of different heat stress period occurred in natural condition. All dairy cows were individually fed TMR ad libitum three times daily. Within columns, means with different letter superscripts (a and b) are different (P<0.05)