Table 2.

Distribution of characteristics for participants and crude associations with hypertension status by enrollment period (N = 11218)

Characteristic	2001–2003				2004–2006
	Hypertension		OR	95 CI	Hypertension		OR	95 CI
	No	Yes			No	Yes
Gender**
Men	1237	156	Ref	Ref	943	207	Ref	Ref
Women	3053	489	1.32*	1.07 - 1.62	4294	839	0.9	0.74 - 1.09
Age
18–34	2021	31	Ref	Ref	2445	97	Ref	Ref
35–54	1680	240	9.60*	6.52 - 14.14	2142	419	5.42*	4.20 - 6.99
55–74	589	374	45.39*	29.78 - 69.17	650	530	26.37*	18.87 - 36.86
Level of education**
Middle School or less	1523	371	2.78*	2.12 - 3.64	1780	574	2.77*	2.13 - 3.60
Some High School/High School Graduate/GED	1743	172	1.00	0.76 - 1.33	2571	349	0.97	0.75 - 1.25
More than High School	1024	102	Ref	Ref	882	122	Ref	Ref
Missing	0	0	NA	NA	4	1	NA	NA
Currently employed**
No	233	24	0.64	0.41 - 1.00	2282	496	1.20*	1.02 - 1.42
Yes	3097	493	Ref	Ref	2563	475	Ref	Ref
Missing	960	128	NA	NA	392	75	NA	NA
Years living at baseline address**
<1	668	54	Ref	Ref	1009	108	Ref	Ref
1–5	1718	146	1.07	0.75 - 1.52	2249	326	1.39*	1.07 - 1.81
>5	1902	445	3.23*	2.32 - 4.49	1979	612	3.32*	2.56 - 4.31
Missing	2	0	NA	NA	0	0	NA	NA
High cholesterol diagnosis**
Yes	273	171	6.41*	4.86 -8.43	528	364	6.88*	5.35 - 8.86
No	4017	474	Ref	Ref	4709	682	Ref	Ref
Heart attack diagnosis**
Yes	15	12	5.92*	2.41 - 14.53	19	36	14.72*	7.15 - 30.31
No	4275	633	Ref	Ref	5218	1010	Ref	Ref
Diabetes diagnosis**
Yes	365	241	6.89*	5.49 - 8.66	470	385	7.74*	6.09 - 9.84
No	3925	404	Ref	Ref	4767	661	Ref	Ref
Smoking status**
Current	630	75	0.82	0.62 - 1.09	637	115	0.94	0.73 - 1.21
Former	565	155	2.03*	1.61 - 2.57	667	194	1.57*	1.27 - 1.94
Never	2916	415	Ref	Ref	3897	737	Ref	Ref
Missing	179	0	NA	NA	36	0	NA	NA
Alcohol use**
Current	1157	113	0.58	0.46 - 0.74	1204	182	0.71	0.57 - 0.87
Former	431	129	1.97*	1.53 - 2.54	430	164	2.16*	1.68 - 2.77
Never	2524	403	Ref	Ref	3487	698	Ref	Ref
Missing	178	0	NA	NA	116	2	NA	NA
Physical activity level**
Active	1160	110	Ref	Ref	1209	176	Ref	Ref
Not active	3099	530	1.91*	1.50 - 2.41	4002	864	1.58*	1.29 - 1.94
Missing	31	5	NA	NA	26	6	NA	NA
BMI (kg/m2)**
Underweight/Normal (<24.9)	1020	82	Ref	Ref	1180	102	Ref	Ref
Overweight (25.0–29.9)	1559	187	1.55*	1.16 - 2.09	1798	331	2.40*	1.83 - 3.16
Obese I-III (≥30.0)	1674	375	3.13*	2.36 - 4.15	2115	588	3.96*	3.02 - 5.20
Missing	37	1	NA	NA	144	25	NA	NA
Degree of acculturation
High level of acculturation (BAS > 2.50)	1583	219	0.83	0.68 - 1.01	1903	377	0.95	0.80 - 1.12
Low level of acculturation (BAS ≤ 2.50)	2699	426	Ref	Ref	3317	665	Ref	Ref
Missing	8	0	NA	NA	17	4	NA	NA
No. of years living in the U.S.**
≤9	1207	63	Ref	Ref	1613	158	Ref	Ref
10–14	614	42	1.34	0.88 - 2.03	845	96	1.18	0.88 - 1.59
≥15	2469	540	4.54*	3.39 - 6.08	2778	792	3.34*	2.68 - 4.15
Missing	0	0	NA	NA	1	0	NA	NA
Nativity**
U.S. born	1288	255	1.52*	1.26 - 1.84	1347	368	1.66*	1.39 - 1.97
Mexico born	3001	390	Ref	Ref	3874	676	Ref	Ref
Other	1	0	NA	NA	16	2	NA	NA

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, NA not applicable

^*p < 0.05 for associations between covariates and hypertension status (crude odds ratio)

^**p < 0.05 for associations between covariates and enrollment period (chi-squared analysis)