Table 3.

Odds Ratios (95 % CIs) for the associations between hypertension and diesel particulate matter (DPM) (μg/m³)

Enrollment period	DPMa	N	OR b	95 % CI	ORc	95 % CI	ORd	95 % CI
2001–2003	Referent (1.39 – 4.81)	2450	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Medium (4.82 – 17.69)	1987498	1.31*	1.07 – 1.61	1.15	0.92 – 1.42	1.13	0.91 – 1.41
	High (17.70 – 25.32)		1.13	0.81 – 1.58	1.10	0.77 – 1.57	1.01	0.71 – 1.45
	Continuous (per μg/m3)		1.01	0.99 – 1.03	1.01	0.99 – 1.02	1.00	0.99 – 1.02
2004–2006	Referent (0.75 – 2.52)	2874	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Medium (2.53 – 5.82)	2735	1.29*	1.04 – 1.61	1.03	0.85 – 1.25	1.05	0.86 – 1.29
	High (5.83 – 8.77)	674	1.14	0.80 – 1.62	0.92	0.67 – 1.27	0.84	0.61 – 1.17
	Continuous (per μg/m3)		1.03	0.98 – 1.10	0.99	0.94 – 1.04	0.98	0.93 – 1.03

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio

^*Significant at p < 0.05

^aReferent: < 50^th percentile, Medium: 50-89^th percentile, High: ≥ 90^th percentile

^bAdjusted for census tract and household as random effects

^cAdjusted for age at baseline and census tract and household as random effects

^dAdjusted for age at baseline, gender, smoking, and BMI and census tract and household as random effects