Table 5.

Associations between PAHs (ng/m³) and hypertension by age, gender, and smoking status (2002 enrollment period)

Potential covariate	PAHsa	OR	95 % CI
Ageb
18-34 (n = 2052)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.35	0.63 - 2.89
	High (4.77– 12.38)	1.70	0.54 - 5.31
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.05	0.87 - 1.27
35-54 (n = 1920)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.01	0.74 - 1.40
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	1.45	0.91 - 2.33
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.06	0.98 - 1.15
55-74 (n = 963)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.09	0.81 - 1.47
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	1.30	0.84 - 2.02
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.05	0.97 - 1.14
Genderc
Men (n = 1393)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.51	0.67 – 3.39
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	2.03	0.52 – 7.97
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.09	0.87 – 1.37
Women (n = 3542)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.06	0.80 - 1.42
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	1.41	0.93 – 2.15
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.06	0.99 – 1.14
Smokingc
Never (n = 3331)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.00	0.76 – 1.32
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	1.02	0.67 – 1.56
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.01	0.94 – 1.09
Current (n = 705)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.30	0.75 – 2.25
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	1.84	0.81 – 4.18
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.10	0.95 – 1.27
Former (n = 720)	Referent (0.92 – 2.47)	---	---
	Medium (2.48 – 4.76)	1.41	0.69 – 2.86
	High (4.77 – 12.38)	4.99*	1.35 – 18.46
	Continuous (per ng/m3)	1.18	0.97 – 1.44

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio

^*Significant at p < 0.05

^aReferent: < 50th percentile, Medium: 50-89th percentile, High: ≥ 90th percentile

^bAdjusted for census tract and household as random effects

^cAdjusted for age at baseline and census tract and household as random effects