Table 2.
Effects of various surfactants on the apical to basolateral permeability of sCT (300 μg/mL) and on TEER values in the Caco-2 cell monolayer (n=3–4)
| Enhancers to sCT (w/v or v/v) | Papp (cm/s, mean ± SD) | Fold increase in Papp | Fold decrease in TEER | Merit index (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No enhancer | 1.35±0.21×10−7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00±0.16 |
| Sodium glycocholate (SGC) 0.1% | 1.63±0.20×10−7 | 1.21 | 1.23 | 0.98±0.12 |
| Sodium taurocholate (STC) 0.1% | 1.96±0.66×10−7 | 1.45 | 1.27 | 1.14±0.39 |
| Sodium dehydrocholate (SDHC) 0.1% | 2.39±0.80×10−7 | 1.77 | 1.53 | 1.16±0.38 |
| Sodium cholate (SC) 0.1% | 2.57±0.57×10−7 | 1.90 | 1.67 | 1.14±0.25 |
| Ursodeoxycholate (UDC) 0.1% | 1.64±0.23×10−7 | 1.21 | 1.03 | 1.18±0.17 |
| Sodium tauroursodeoxycholate (STUDC) 0.1% | 1.78±0.05×10−7 | 1.32 | 1.02 | 1.29±0.35 |
| Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate (STCDC) 0.1% | 5.15±0.51×10−7 | 3.82 | 2.30 | 1.66±0.17 |
| Sodium deoxycholate (SDC) 0.1% | 7.01±1.32×10−7 | 5.19 | 3.97 | 1.31±0.25 |
| Sodium glycodeoxycholate (SGDC) 0.1% | 14.4±3.48×10−7 | 10.66 | 4.57 | 2.33±0.56 |
| Sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) 0.1% | 14.6±1.91×10−7 | 10.81 | 3.55 | 3.05±0.40 |
| Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.01% | 1.95±0.15×10−7 | 1.44 | 2.49 | 0.58±0.04 |
| Lauroyl carnitine chloride 0.01% | 2.43±0.49×10−7 | 1.80 | 1.46 | 1.23±0.25 |
| Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% | 4.10±1.40×10−7 | 3.04 | 7.77 | 0.39±0.13 |
| Benzethonium chloride 0.01% | 8.61±1.01×10−7 | 6.38 | 11.51 | 0.55±0.06 |
| Triton X-100 0.01% | 1.43±0.26×10−7 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.02±0.18 |
| Tween 80 0.01% | 2.08±0.46×10−7 | 1.54 | 1.40 | 1.10±0.24 |
| Cremophor EL 0.01% | 2.40±0.28×10−7 | 1.78 | 1.39 | 1.28±0.15 |
Note: Modified from Song et al.81
Abbreviations: TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance; SD, standard deviation.